EGP / IGP :: Distance Vector / Link State :: Dynamic Routing Protocols :: OSPF EIGRP BGP RIP IS-IS

Introduction

This tutorial provides an overview of dynamic routing protocols, specifically focusing on their classifications into Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs) and Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs), as well as the distinction between Distance Vector and Link State protocols. Understanding these concepts is key for anyone looking to enhance their networking skills, particularly in preparation for further studies in OSPF and BGP.

Step 1: Understand the Major Routing Protocols

Familiarize yourself with the five major routing protocols:

• RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
• EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
• OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
• IS-IS (Intermediate System to Intermediate System)
• BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)

Each of these protocols serves different purposes and environments, so understanding them will aid in selecting the right protocol for your network design.

Step 2: Distinguish Between IGP and EGP

Learn the differences between Interior Gateway Protocols and Exterior Gateway Protocols:

• Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs)

  • Used for routing within an autonomous system (AS).
  • Examples include RIP, EIGRP, OSPF, and IS-IS.

• Exterior Gateway Protocols (EGPs)

  • Used for routing between different autonomous systems.
  • The primary example is BGP.

Understanding whether a protocol is IGP or EGP helps in determining its application in network design.

Step 3: Grasp the Concept of Autonomous Systems

An Autonomous System (AS) is a collection of IP networks and routers under the control of a single organization. Familiarize yourself with the following:

• AS numbers (ASN) are unique identifiers for each AS.
• IGPs typically operate within an AS, while EGPs facilitate communication between different ASes.

Step 4: Explore Link State and Distance Vector Protocols

Differentiate between the two main types of routing protocols:

• Link State Protocols

  • Each router maintains a complete map of the network topology.
  • Examples include OSPF and IS-IS.
  • Benefits include faster convergence and more efficient routing.

• Distance Vector Protocols

  • Routers share information about the distance to reach different networks.
  • Examples include RIP and EIGRP.
  • These protocols are simpler but can lead to slower convergence and routing loops.

Step 5: Learn About BGP

Understand the significance of BGP as an EGP:

• BGP is critical for internet routing and is used to manage how packets are routed across different ASes.
• It considers various factors such as path, policy, and rule-based routing.

Step 6: Acknowledge the Importance of Resources

Recognize that hardware resources can impact routing protocol performance:

• More RAM and CPU can enhance the efficiency of routing protocols, particularly in larger networks.
• Consider the protocol's resource requirements when designing networks.

Conclusion

In summary, this guide has provided a foundational understanding of dynamic routing protocols, their classifications, and their applications. To deepen your knowledge, consider exploring specific protocols like OSPF and BGP in greater detail through practical exercises and further resources. Engage with online communities and tutorials to stay updated on the latest networking trends and practices.