Elektromagnetik |Percobaan Oersted ||Materi Kemagneta Part 4

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore the relationship between electric current and magnetic fields through a simple experiment based on the work of Hans Christian Ørsted. This experiment demonstrates how an electric current can create a magnetic field, affecting a nearby compass needle. Understanding this principle is fundamental in the study of electromagnetism, which has numerous applications in electronics and physics.

Step 1: Gather Your Materials

To replicate Ørsted's experiment, you will need the following materials:

• A battery (or power source)
• A straight piece of wire
• A compass

Practical Tips

• Ensure that the battery is fully charged to maintain a consistent current.
• Use insulated wire to prevent accidental short circuits.

Step 2: Set Up the Experiment

1. Connect the Wire to the Battery

   • Attach one end of the wire to the positive terminal of the battery.
   • Leave the other end free for later use.

2. Position the Compass

   • Place the compass flat on a stable surface, ensuring it can move freely.
   • Keep the compass a few centimeters away from the wire.

Step 3: Conduct the Experiment

1. Complete the Circuit

   • Touch the free end of the wire to the negative terminal of the battery to allow current to flow through the wire.

2. Observe the Compass Needle

   • Notice how the needle of the compass moves when the current is flowing.
   • The needle will be deflected, indicating the presence of a magnetic field created by the electric current.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Ensure that there are no metallic objects near the compass that could interfere with its readings.
• Make sure the wire is straight to get a clear observation of the magnetic effect.

Step 4: Analyze the Results

• When the current is flowing, the compass needle deviates from its original position.
• When you disconnect the wire from the battery, the compass needle will return to its original position, demonstrating that the magnetic field is only present when current flows.

Conclusion

This experiment effectively illustrates the connection between electric current and magnetic fields. Ørsted's discovery laid the groundwork for further developments in electromagnetism, which is vital for understanding modern electrical devices. You can further explore this concept by experimenting with different configurations of wire and current or by using various types of compasses.