Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw | Act 1

Introduction

This tutorial provides a concise summary and analysis of Act 1 of George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion. It explores key themes, character dynamics, and the social commentary embedded in the narrative. This guide will help you understand the foundational aspects of the play, offering insights into its relevance regarding class and identity.

Step 1: Understand the Main Characters

• Henry Higgins: A linguist who believes he can transform Eliza Doolittle, a flower girl with a strong Cockney accent, into a refined lady.
• Eliza Doolittle: The flower girl whose transformation from a working-class girl to a lady is central to the play’s plot.
• Colonel Pickering: Higgins’ colleague who bets against him, representing a more compassionate viewpoint toward Eliza.

Step 2: Explore the Central Conflict

• The Bet: Higgins makes a wager with Pickering that he can teach Eliza to speak and act like a high-class lady within a few months.
• Higgins' Motivation: His eagerness to take on the challenge reflects his confidence in his abilities but also shows a lack of consideration for Eliza's feelings.

Step 3: Analyze Key Themes

• Transformation: Eliza's journey from a flower girl to a lady illustrates the theme of personal transformation through education and language.
• Classism: The play critiques social class distinctions, highlighting how language and appearance influence societal perceptions.
• Identity: Eliza struggles with her identity as she learns to navigate the upper class while retaining her original self.

Step 4: Identify Important Symbols

• Slippers: Represent Eliza's transition into high society and the superficial nature of class distinctions.
• The Flower Shop: Symbolizes Eliza's humble beginnings and her connection to the working class.
• The Mirror: Reflects Eliza's internal struggle with her new identity and the changes she undergoes.

Step 5: Observe Character Development

• Higgins' Patronizing Attitude: His treatment of Eliza reveals societal attitudes towards the working class and foreshadows the inevitable conflict.
• Eliza's Resilience: Despite Higgins’ condescension, Eliza displays determination and strength, suggesting her potential for growth beyond Higgins' expectations.

Conclusion

Act 1 of Pygmalion sets the stage for exploring deep social issues through character interactions and themes. Understanding these elements enriches your appreciation of the narrative. As you continue studying the play, consider how Shaw's commentary on classism and identity resonates in modern contexts. Engaging with the characters and their journeys will enhance your grasp of the play's enduring significance.