Masa Transisi; Dari ORDE LAMA ke ORDE BARU di Indonesia.

Introduction

This tutorial explores the transition from the Old Order (Orde Lama) to the New Order (Orde Baru) in Indonesia, a significant period in the country's history. Understanding this transition provides insights into Indonesia's political landscape, societal changes, and the impact of leadership on national direction.

Step 1: Understand the Context of the Old Order

• The Old Order refers to the government led by President Sukarno from 1945 to 1966.
• Key characteristics included:
  • Nationalism and anti-colonial sentiment.
  • Emphasis on guided democracy, which often led to political instability.
  • Economic challenges, including hyperinflation and civil unrest.
• Familiarize yourself with significant events that defined this era, such as the 1965 coup attempt.

Step 2: Recognize the Factors Leading to the New Order

• The political and economic turmoil of the Old Order prompted calls for change.
• Key factors included:
  • Growing discontent among military and civilian sectors.
  • The need for economic stability and development.
  • The rise of general Suharto as a key figure in the transition.
• Research the role of the Indonesian military and its influence in political shifts.

Step 3: Explore the Establishment of the New Order

• The New Order was officially established in 1966 under Suharto's leadership.
• Key changes included:
  • Implementation of a more centralized, authoritarian government.
  • Focus on economic development through the "New Order" policies.
  • Suppression of political opposition and control of the media.
• Analyze the impacts of these policies on Indonesian society and economy.

Step 4: Identify the Key Policies and Achievements of the New Order

• Review major policies implemented during the New Order:
  • Economic reforms aimed at stabilization and growth.
  • Development programs focusing on infrastructure and education.
  • Foreign policy shifts, including improved relations with Western countries.
• Evaluate the successes and failures, including the improvement in GDP but also human rights concerns.

Step 5: Reflect on the Legacy of the Transition

• The transition from the Old Order to the New Order has long-lasting effects on Indonesia.
• Consider:
  • How the New Order shaped current political dynamics.
  • The ongoing challenges related to democracy and human rights in Indonesia.
  • The eventual fall of Suharto in 1998 and the subsequent reforms.
• Engage with contemporary discussions on governance and accountability in Indonesia.

Conclusion

Understanding the transition from the Old Order to the New Order in Indonesia is crucial for grasping the country's historical and political evolution. By examining the context, key figures, policies, and their legacies, you can appreciate the complexities of Indonesia's journey. Next steps could include diving deeper into specific events or exploring the current political landscape in Indonesia.