Переделает каждый! Простая переделка компьютерного блока ATX в лабораторный блок питания

Introduction

In this tutorial, you will learn how to transform a standard ATX computer power supply into a versatile laboratory power supply. This modification allows you to adjust voltage and current levels, making it suitable for various electronic projects, battery charging, and more. The focus will be on ATX power supplies built on the TL494 control chip.

Step 1: Gather Necessary Materials

Before starting the modification, you will need to gather the following materials:

• ATX power supply (preferably with TL494)
• Multimeter
• Soldering iron and solder
• Wire cutters and strippers
• Heat shrink tubing or electrical tape
• Optional: Additional transformer (for higher output)

Step 2: Safety Precautions

Ensure you take the following safety precautions:

• Unplug the power supply from the wall before beginning the modification.
• Discharge capacitors to avoid electric shock.
• Work in a well-ventilated area away from flammable materials.

Step 3: Open the ATX Power Supply

• Carefully remove the screws securing the case of the ATX power supply.
• Gently open the case to expose the internal components.

Step 4: Identify Key Components

Locate the following components on the power supply's main board:

• TL494 chip (the main control chip)
• Output terminals
• Feedback and adjustment potentiometers

Step 5: Modify the Feedback Circuit

• Identify the feedback loop connected to the TL494.
• Solder a potentiometer in place of the fixed resistor in the feedback circuit. This will allow you to adjust the output voltage.

Step 6: Adjust Output Voltage

• Once the potentiometer is installed, reconnect the power supply and test the output voltage using a multimeter.
• Adjust the potentiometer to achieve the desired voltage range (0 to 24V).

Step 7: Set Current Limiting

• To add current limiting functionality, integrate a suitable resistor in series with the output.
• Use a potentiometer to adjust current limits according to your requirements (up to 10A or more with a transformer upgrade).

Step 8: Secure Connections

• Use heat shrink tubing or electrical tape to insulate all exposed connections.
• Ensure that there are no loose wires or components that could cause shorts.

Step 9: Test the Modified Power Supply

• Before using the modified power supply for actual projects, perform a thorough test with a multimeter.
• Check for voltage stability and ensure the current limiting works as expected.

Conclusion

You have successfully modified an ATX power supply into a laboratory power supply with adjustable voltage and current. This versatile tool can now be used for various electronic applications, including powering circuits and charging batteries. For future enhancements, consider upgrading the transformer for higher output capabilities. Enjoy your new power supply!