MATERI - Cara Ahli Gizi Melakukan Skrining Gizi / Cara mengisi screening tools ( NRS, SGA, SNST )

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide for nutritionists on how to conduct nutritional screening using various tools, specifically the Nutritional Risk Screening (NRS), Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), and Short Nutritional Screening Tool (SNST). Understanding and applying these screening methods is crucial for assessing the nutritional status of individuals and planning appropriate interventions.

Step 1: Understanding Nutritional Screening Tools

Before diving into the screening process, familiarize yourself with each tool's purpose and key components.

• NRS (Nutritional Risk Screening):

  • Designed for hospitalized patients.
  • Assesses nutritional risk based on weight loss and BMI.

• SGA (Subjective Global Assessment):

  • Combines clinical judgment and patient history.
  • Evaluates the patient's nutritional status through a series of questions and physical examination.

• SNST (Short Nutritional Screening Tool):

  • A quick assessment tool typically used in outpatient settings.
  • Focuses on recent weight changes and appetite.

Step 2: Conducting the NRS Screening

Follow these steps to effectively conduct the NRS screening:

1. Collect Patient Information:

   • Obtain the patient's weight, height, and BMI.
   • Ask about recent weight loss (percentage over the last month).

2. Assess Nutritional Risk:

   • Use the following criteria:
     • BMI < 20.5
     • Involuntary weight loss > 5% in the last month.
   • Score based on these criteria to determine nutritional risk.

3. Document Findings:

   • Record the patient's score and any relevant observations for future reference.

Step 3: Performing the SGA Assessment

To conduct an SGA assessment, adhere to these steps:

1. Gather Patient History:

   • Inquire about weight changes, dietary intake, and gastrointestinal symptoms.
   • Note any chronic illnesses or conditions affecting nutrition.

2. Physical Examination:

   • Look for signs of malnutrition such as muscle wasting or edema.
   • Assess skin condition and overall appearance.

3. Calculate SGA Score:

   • Based on the collected data, classify the patient as well-nourished, moderately malnourished, or severely malnourished.

4. Record and Plan:

   • Document the assessment findings and develop a nutritional care plan based on the patient's needs.

Step 4: Using the SNST Tool

Implement the SNST tool by following these instructions:

1. Ask Key Questions:

   • Determine if the patient has experienced unintentional weight loss in the past 6 months.
   • Evaluate appetite and dietary habits.

2. Score the Responses:

   • Assign points based on the responses:
     • Weight loss: 0 (none) to 2 (severe).
     • Appetite: 0 (normal) to 2 (poor).

3. Interpret the Score:

   • A score of 3 or higher indicates nutritional risk requiring further assessment or intervention.

4. Document and Follow Up:

   • Record the results and ensure follow-up to monitor changes over time.

Conclusion

Mastering the use of NRS, SGA, and SNST tools is essential for effective nutritional screening. By following these steps, nutritionists can accurately assess nutritional status and implement appropriate care plans. Next steps may include further education on intervention strategies and monitoring patient outcomes to ensure optimal nutrition care.