Full Computer Networking (ANIMATED) Course for Beginners | Start From Level 0 | OSI Model explained

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of essential computer networking concepts, perfect for beginners. It covers everything from the basics of computer networks to the OSI model, making it a valuable resource for those interested in IT, ethical hacking, or cybersecurity.

Step 1: Understanding Computer Networks

• A computer network is a collection of interconnected devices that communicate with each other.
• Key purposes include:
  • Sharing resources (like files and printers)
  • Facilitating communication
  • Enabling internet access

Step 2: Exploring Packets

• Data is transmitted over networks in small units called packets.
• Each packet contains:
  • Source and destination addresses
  • Sequence numbers for reassembly
  • The actual data being sent

Step 3: Learning About IP Addresses

• An IP address is a unique identifier for a device on a network.
• To view your own IP address, use the following commands:
  • On Windows: Open Command Prompt and type ipconfig
  • On Mac/Linux: Open Terminal and type ifconfig
• Understand the difference between public and private IP addresses.

Step 4: Identifying Hosts and Servers

• A host is any device connected to a network, while a server provides services to other devices.
• Types of servers include:
  • Web servers
  • File servers
  • Database servers

Step 5: Understanding Ethernet Cables and LAN Ports

• Ethernet cables connect devices in a local area network (LAN).
• Familiarize yourself with different types of Ethernet cables (e.g., Cat5, Cat6) and their specifications.

Step 6: Learning About MAC Addresses

• A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications.
• To find your MAC address:
  • On Windows: Use getmac in Command Prompt
  • On Mac: Use ifconfig in Terminal

Step 7: Introduction to Network Devices

• Hub: A basic device that connects multiple Ethernet devices, making them act as a single network segment.
• Switch: A more advanced device that connects devices and intelligently forwards packets to their destination.
• Router: Connects different networks and directs traffic between them.
• Modem: Converts digital data from a computer to analog for transmission over phone lines or cable.
• Wireless Access Point: Extends a wired network by adding Wi-Fi capability.

Step 8: Diving into the OSI Model

• The OSI Model is a framework that standardizes networking protocols into seven layers:
  1. Application Layer: Interfaces directly with end-user applications.
  2. Presentation Layer: Transforms data to provide a standard interface.
  3. Session Layer: Manages sessions between applications.
  4. Transport Layer: Ensures complete data transfer (TCP/UDP).
  5. Network Layer: Determines the best path for data transfer (IP).
  6. Data Link Layer: Manages node-to-node data transfer and error correction.
  7. Physical Layer: Deals with the physical connection and transmission of data.

Step 9: Introduction to Cryptography

• Cryptography secures data through encryption and hashing.
• Key concepts include:
  • Symmetric Encryption: Same key for encryption and decryption.
  • Asymmetric Encryption: Different keys for encryption and decryption.
  • Hashing: Converts data into a fixed-size string, primarily for integrity verification.

Step 10: Understanding Number Systems

• Familiarize yourself with different number systems:
  • Binary: Base-2 system used by computers.
  • Decimal: Base-10 system used by humans.
  • Hexadecimal: Base-16 system often used in programming.
• Learn conversion techniques:
  • Binary to Decimal
  • Decimal to Binary

Conclusion

This tutorial provided a foundational understanding of computer networking concepts, including the OSI model, network devices, and encryption methods. To deepen your knowledge, consider exploring advanced topics in cybersecurity or practicing with networking tools. Start applying what you've learned by setting up your own network or experimenting with networking simulations.