Aprenda Domínios, DNS e HTTP: Tutorial Completo na AWS com Route 53, ACM, CloudFront

Introduction

In this tutorial, we'll explore the fundamentals of HTTP, IP addresses, and DNS, along with a hands-on guide to configuring these technologies using Amazon Web Services (AWS) tools like Route 53, ACM, and CloudFront. This guide will help you understand how to set up a custom domain and secure it with SSL, making your web applications more reliable and secure.

Step 1: Understanding IP Addresses

• IPV4 and IPV6:
  • IPV4 is a 32-bit address format, commonly seen as four octets (e.g., 192.168.1.1).
  • IPV6 is a newer format using 128 bits, allowing for a larger number of devices to be connected (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334).
• Practical Tip: Familiarize yourself with IP address formats, as they are crucial for networking and domain configuration.

Step 2: Exploring Domains

• What is a Domain?
  • A domain is a human-readable address that points to an IP address, allowing users to easily access websites.
• Domain Registration:
  • Choose a domain registrar (like GoDaddy or Namecheap).
  • Search for your desired domain and complete the registration process.

Step 3: Understanding DNS Servers

• Role of DNS:
  • DNS (Domain Name System) translates domain names into IP addresses, allowing users to visit websites using easy-to-remember names.
• Types of DNS Records:
  • A Records: Maps a domain to an IP address.
  • CNAME Records: Points a domain to another domain.

Step 4: Discovering Server IP Addresses

• Finding an IP Address:
  • Use the command line tool nslookup or online services to find the IP address of your domain.
  • Example command:

    nslookup yourdomain.com
    

Step 5: Configuring Route 53

• Setting Up Route 53:
  • Log in to AWS Management Console and navigate to Route 53.
  • Create a new hosted zone for your domain.
  • Add necessary DNS records (A, CNAME).
• Practical Tip: Ensure your domain registrar is set to use Route 53's nameservers.

Step 6: Understanding HTTP and HTTPS

• HTTP vs. HTTPS:
  • HTTP is the protocol used for transferring data over the web.
  • HTTPS includes SSL/TLS encryption for security, protecting data exchanged between the user and the server.
• Common Pitfall: Avoid using HTTP for sensitive data to prevent security breaches.

Step 7: Configuring SSL with ACM

• Setting Up SSL:
  • Go to AWS Certificate Manager (ACM) and request a new certificate.
  • Validate ownership of your domain through email or DNS verification.
• Practical Tip: Always use HTTPS to enhance website security.

Step 8: Configuring CloudFront

• Setting Up CloudFront:
  • Navigate to CloudFront in the AWS Console.
  • Create a new distribution and choose your origin (e.g., S3 bucket or a web server).
  • Select your SSL certificate from ACM for secure delivery.
• Practical Tip: Configure caching settings to improve performance.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we've covered the essentials of IP addressing, domains, DNS, and how to configure these services using AWS. You now have the foundational knowledge and practical steps to set up a secure web application. Next, consider exploring advanced topics like load balancing or CDN optimization to further enhance your web presence.