Principles Of Microservices by Sam Newman

Step-by-Step Tutorial: Principles of Microservices

1. Introduction to Microservices:

   • Microservices are small autonomous services that work together and are modeled around a business domain.
   • They are separate processes that communicate over a network and can be deployed into production independently.

2. Modeling Around a Business Domain:

   • When designing microservices, model them around a business domain to create more stable APIs and deployable units.
   • Naming services based on business functions like customer service, shipping, and inventory helps in understanding the architecture.

3. Decentralizing Decision-Making:

   • Decentralize decision-making power and architectural design concepts to empower teams and allow for faster deployment.
   • Avoid making all decisions centrally to prevent inconsistencies in architectures.

4. Embracing a Culture of Automation:

   • Automate processes to manage multiple services efficiently and reduce the transaction cost of scaling.
   • Implement self-service capabilities for teams to provision environments and manage services independently.

5. Hiding Implementation Details:

   • Hide implementation details to allow services to evolve independently without affecting other services.
   • Avoid exposing internal data structures directly to other services to maintain flexibility.

6. Deploying Independently:

   • Make it a norm to deploy changes to a service into production without affecting other services.
   • Ensure that services can be updated and deployed independently to enable faster releases.

7. Services Exist to Be Called:

   • Design services with a consumer-first approach, thinking outside-in to understand user needs.
   • Provide good documentation using tools like Swagger and consider humane registries for human-readable service information.

8. Handling Shared Data:

   • Use caching to handle shared data efficiently without copying data across services.
   • Consider implementing cache headers and making decisions on caching based on the frequency of data updates.

9. Observability and Monitoring:

   • Implement observability by aggregating logs and stats from all services into a centralized system.
   • Use tools for log aggregation, monitoring error rates, and tracing to understand system behavior and performance.

10. Resilience and Failure Handling:

• Plan for failures in distributed systems by implementing circuit breakers, timeouts, and resilience patterns.
• Design systems to degrade functionality gracefully during failures and handle unplanned outages effectively.

11. User Interface Challenges:

• For web applications, consider using backend-for-frontend (BFF) pattern to handle server-side communication for user interfaces.
• Use correlation IDs and event-based systems to trace user actions and troubleshoot issues across microservices.

12. Conclusion and Further Resources:

• Follow best practices for building microservices to create scalable, maintainable, and resilient systems.
• Stay updated on industry trends, tools, and practices to enhance your microservices architecture.

By following these principles and best practices, you can design and implement effective microservices architectures that are scalable, resilient, and easy to maintain.