How to save 51 billion lives for 68 cents with simple Engineering

Tutorial: How to Save Lives with Simple Engineering for Less Than a Dollar

Step 1: Introduction to the Inventions

1. The video showcases two inventions created by Manu Prakash at Stanford University: a 50-cent paper microscope and an 18-cent blood centrifuge.
2. The purpose of these inventions is to provide affordable and accessible solutions for diagnosing diseases like malaria in resource-limited settings.

Step 2: Understanding the Paper Microscope

1. The 50-cent paper microscope is easy to assemble and requires minimal materials.
2. Follow the simple instructions to fold the pieces of paper like origami to assemble the microscope.
3. The lens of the microscope is a tiny glass sphere embedded in plastic.
4. You can insert a slide into the microscope and observe specimens.
5. The microscope can also be used to capture images and videos using a smartphone.

Step 3: Testing the Paper Microscope

1. The video demonstrates using the paper microscope to observe microscopic organisms in pond water.
2. The microscope allows for detailed observation of small organisms that are not visible to the naked eye.

Step 4: Understanding the Blood Centrifuge

1. The blood centrifuge is designed to separate different components of blood for diagnostic purposes.
2. By spinning the blood sample at high speeds, the heavier particles move to the outside while the less dense particles gather in the center.
3. This separation allows for the identification of malaria-infected red blood cells, which are slightly less dense than healthy cells.

Step 5: Frugal Science Approach

1. Manu Prakash and his team applied a frugal science philosophy to create affordable alternatives to expensive laboratory equipment.
2. They aimed to develop lightweight, low-cost solutions that do not require electricity.
3. By using simple materials and innovative designs inspired by everyday objects like toys, they were able to create effective diagnostic tools.

Step 6: Testing the Blood Centrifuge

1. The video shows a demonstration of using the blood centrifuge to separate blood components.
2. Within just 10 seconds of spinning at high speed, the blood sample visibly separates into different layers.
3. This simple and inexpensive device can be a game-changer in diagnosing diseases in remote or underserved areas.

Step 7: Conclusion

1. Manu Prakash and his team exemplify a childlike curiosity and passion for engineering solutions to global health challenges.
2. Their inventions have the potential to save millions of lives by providing affordable and accessible diagnostic tools.
3. The video highlights the importance of creativity, simplicity, and innovation in addressing complex problems with simple engineering solutions.