BAB 1 Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Hewan || IPA SMP/MTs Kelas 9 Kurikulum Merdeka

Introduction

This tutorial explores the growth and development of animals, specifically tailored for 9th-grade students following the Kurikulum Merdeka. It will cover various reproductive strategies in animals, including embryonic development, oviparous and viviparous reproduction, and the growth stages of young animals. Understanding these concepts is essential for grasping basic biological principles.

Step 1: Understanding Embryonic Development

• Definition: Embryonic development refers to the process by which an embryo forms and develops.
• Key Points:
  • The process begins with fertilization, where sperm and egg combine to form a zygote.
  • The zygote undergoes cell division and differentiation, eventually forming various tissues and organs.

Practical Tips:

• Focus on the stages of development: cleavage, gastrulation, and organogenesis.

Step 2: Learning about Oviparous Animals

• Definition: Oviparous animals are those that lay eggs.
• Examples: Birds, reptiles, and many fish.
• Growth Process:
  • Eggs are fertilized internally or externally.
  • The embryo develops inside the egg until it hatches.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid:

• Confusing oviparous with viviparous; remember that oviparous animals do not carry their young inside.

Step 3: Exploring Ovoviviparous Animals

• Definition: Ovoviviparous animals give birth to live young that developed from eggs inside the mother.
• Examples: Some species of sharks and snakes.
• Growth Process:
  • Eggs hatch internally, and the young are born live.

Real-World Applications:

• Understanding ovoviviparity can help in conservation efforts, particularly for endangered species.

Step 4: Identifying Viviparous Animals

• Definition: Viviparous animals are those that give birth to live young after a period of gestation.
• Examples: Most mammals, including humans.
• Growth Process:
  • The embryo develops inside the mother’s womb, receiving nutrients through the placenta.

Practical Tips:

• Emphasize the importance of the placenta in supplying oxygen and nutrients.

Step 5: Investigating the Development of Young Animals

• Stages of Development:
  • Neonate: The newborn stage.
  • Juvenile: The young animal stage where growth and development continue.
• Key Points:
  • Different species have varying durations for these stages.
  • Environmental factors can influence growth rates.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid:

• Misunderstanding the difference in growth stages across species.

Step 6: Review and Practice

• Study Tips:
  • Create flashcards for terminology related to animal growth and development.
  • Engage with visual aids, such as diagrams or videos, to reinforce learning.

Practice Questions:

• What are the differences between oviparous, ovoviviparous, and viviparous animals?
• Describe the key stages of embryonic development.

Conclusion

This tutorial provides an overview of how animals grow and develop, highlighting the differences between reproductive strategies. By understanding these concepts, students can gain a deeper appreciation for biological processes. To further enhance your knowledge, consider exploring additional resources and engaging in hands-on activities related to animal biology.