#Excretion Full chapter| Human excretory system Explanation in telugu | AP & TS class 10 Biology

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the human excretory system, as explained in a detailed video lecture. It is designed for students in the AP & TS Class 10 Biology curriculum. The guide summarizes key concepts, structures, functions, and processes involved in excretion, helping learners understand the human body's waste management system.

Step 1: Understand the Human Excretory System

• The excretory system is responsible for removing waste products from the body.

Key organs involved include

• Kidneys
• Ureters
• Urinary bladder
• Urethra

Step 2: Explore the Internal Structure of the Kidney

The kidney has a complex internal structure divided into

• Cortex: The outer layer that contains nephrons.
• Medulla: The inner layer with renal pyramids.
• Pelvis: The funnel-shaped area that collects urine.

Step 3: Learn About the Nephron Structure and Function

The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney, consisting of

• Glomerulus: A network of capillaries for filtration.
• Bowman's capsule: Encases the glomerulus.
• Renal tubule: Comprises proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule.

Functions

• Filtration of blood to form urine.
• Reabsorption of water and nutrients.
• Secretion of waste.

Step 4: Features of Ureters

• Ureters are tubes that transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
• They are about 25-30 cm long and have muscular walls that facilitate urine flow through peristalsis.

Step 5: Understand the Urinary Bladder

• The urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ that stores urine.
• It can hold about 400-600 mL of urine.
• The bladder has a lining that stretches as it fills.

Step 6: Learn About the Urethra

• The urethra is a tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
• In males, it is longer and also serves as a passage for semen.

Step 7: Explore the Process of Micturition

Micturition is the process of urination, which involves

• Filling of the bladder.
• Nerve signals that trigger the urge to urinate.
• Contraction of bladder muscles and relaxation of the urethral sphincter.

Step 8: Analyze the Composition of Urine

Urine mainly consists of

• Water (95%)
• Urea
• Creatinine
• Electrolytes (sodium, potassium)
• Understanding urine composition helps in diagnosing health issues.

Step 9: Examine Other Properties of Urine

• Urine can vary in color, odor, and pH.
• Factors like diet, hydration, and health status can influence these properties.

Step 10: Discuss End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and Treatment

• ESRD is a condition where the kidneys can no longer function effectively.

Treatments include

• Dialysis: A process to artificially remove waste from the blood.

  Types of dialysis

  • Hemodialysis
  • Peritoneal dialysis
• Kidney Transplantation: A surgical procedure to replace a damaged kidney with a healthy one.

Step 11: Explore Excretion in Other Organisms and Plants

Excretion varies across species

• Animals may use different organs and processes.
• Plants excrete waste through leaves, roots, and stems.
• Common plant excretory products include alkaloids, tannins, resins, gums, and latex.

Step 12: Understand the Difference Between Excretion and Secretion

• Excretion: The process of removing waste products.
• Secretion: The process of producing and releasing substances, such as hormones or enzymes, necessary for body functions.

Conclusion

Understanding the human excretory system is crucial for recognizing how our bodies maintain homeostasis by eliminating waste. This guide summarizes essential concepts and processes, providing a foundation for further exploration in biology. For deeper insights, consider watching the full video or engaging with additional resources on related topics.