TEKS NEGOSIASI LENGKAP KELAS X

Introduction

This tutorial is designed to help you understand negotiation texts, a crucial skill for effective communication in various aspects of life, including business and personal interactions. Negotiation is often encountered in daily situations, such as bargaining prices or resolving conflicts. By mastering negotiation techniques, you can achieve beneficial outcomes for all parties involved.

Step 1: Understand the Definition of Negotiation

• Negotiation is a form of social interaction aimed at reaching an agreement between parties with differing interests.
• It involves finding a solution that satisfies all parties, known as a win-win solution.

Step 2: Identify the Objectives of Negotiation

• The main goals of negotiation include:
  • Achieving mutual understanding and agreement.
  • Finding collaborative solutions to problems.
  • Ensuring that all parties benefit from the outcome.

Step 3: Recognize the Characteristics of Negotiation Texts

• Key features of negotiation texts include:
  1. Participants: Individuals or groups involved in the negotiation process.
  2. Diverse Interests: Different goals or needs from the parties involved.
  3. Proposals and Offers: Presenting and countering offers.
  4. Agreement: A consensus reached by all parties.
  5. Persuasive Language: Use of language intended to influence or encourage agreement.

Step 4: Learn the Structure of Negotiation Texts

• Common structure for negotiation texts, particularly in sales:
  1. Orientation: Introduction to the negotiation context.
  2. Request: Stating needs or desires.
  3. Fulfillment: Addressing how requests can be met.
  4. Offer: Proposing terms or conditions.
  5. Agreement: Concluding with mutual consent.
  6. Purchase: Specific to sales negotiations.
  7. Closure: Final remarks to conclude the negotiation.

Step 5: Apply Linguistic Features in Negotiation

• Use a balanced mix of:
  • Declarative, interrogative, and imperative sentences.
  • Expressions of wishes or hopes.
  • Conditional statements (e.g., if, when).
  • Causal conjunctions to explain reasons behind proposals.

Step 6: Explore Different Presentation Formats

• Negotiation texts can be presented in various forms:
  1. Dialogue: Direct conversation showcasing negotiation.
  2. Narrative: A story format combining dialogue and narration.
  3. Letters: Written communication, such as proposals or job applications.

Step 7: Classify Types of Negotiation

• Negotiation can be categorized based on:
  1. Profit and Loss:
     • Avoiding conflict (lose-lose)
     • Collaboration (win-win)
     • Accommodation (lose-win)
     • Domination (win-lose)
  2. Situational Context:
     • Formal negotiations
     • Informal negotiations
  3. Number of Negotiators:
     • With a mediator
     • Without a mediator

Conclusion

By understanding and applying these principles of negotiation, you can enhance your ability to communicate effectively and reach agreements in various situations. Whether in business or everyday life, mastering negotiation can lead to better outcomes and relationships. Consider practicing these techniques in real-life scenarios to develop your skills further.