Menghitung Fungsi Penawaran dan Permintaan I Ekonomi Kelas 10 - KHATULISTIWA MENGAJAR

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the process of calculating supply and demand functions, as discussed in the video "Menghitung Fungsi Penawaran dan Permintaan" from Khatulistiwa Studio. Understanding these concepts is essential for economics students, particularly in Grade 10, as they form the foundation for analyzing market behaviors.

Step 1: Understanding Supply and Demand

• Define Supply: The quantity of a good or service that producers are willing to sell at different prices.
• Define Demand: The quantity of a good or service that consumers are willing to purchase at different prices.
• Key Principle: Prices typically rise when demand exceeds supply and fall when supply exceeds demand.

Step 2: Constructing the Demand Function

1. Identify Demand Variables:

   • Price (P)
   • Quantity Demanded (Qd)

2. Data Collection:

   • Gather data on different price levels and the corresponding quantities demanded by consumers.

3. Create the Demand Equation:

   • Use the form Qd = a - bP, where:
     • Qd is the quantity demanded.
     • P is the price.
     • 'a' is the quantity demanded when the price is zero.
     • 'b' represents the change in quantity demanded as price changes.

4. Example:

   • If at a price of 10, the quantity demanded is 50, and at a price of 20, it drops to 30, you can calculate 'b' and establish your demand function.

Step 3: Constructing the Supply Function

1. Identify Supply Variables:

   • Price (P)
   • Quantity Supplied (Qs)

2. Data Collection:

   • Collect data on various price levels and the corresponding quantities supplied by producers.

3. Create the Supply Equation:

   • Use the form Qs = c + dP, where:
     • Qs is the quantity supplied.
     • P is the price.
     • 'c' is the quantity supplied when the price is zero.
     • 'd' represents the change in quantity supplied as price changes.

4. Example:

   • If at a price of 10, the quantity supplied is 20, and at a price of 20, it rises to 40, compute 'd' and finalize your supply function.

Step 4: Finding Equilibrium

1. Set Demand Equal to Supply:

   • To find the equilibrium price (Pe) and quantity (Qe), set the demand function equal to the supply function.
   • Example: Solve Qd = Qs.

2. Calculate Equilibrium:

   • Substitute values from your functions to find Pe and Qe.

3. Interpret the Results:

   • Analyze what the equilibrium price and quantity indicate about the market.

Tips for Success

• Always use accurate and up-to-date data for your calculations.
• Double-check your equations for any algebraic errors.
• Consider using graphs to visualize supply and demand curves, as this can help in understanding shifts due to external factors.

Conclusion

By following these steps, you should be able to calculate the supply and demand functions effectively, find equilibrium, and understand market dynamics. This foundational knowledge will serve you well in further studies in economics. For continued learning, explore more complex scenarios involving shifts in supply and demand and their effects on equilibrium.