Kuliah Farmakoterapi Infeksi- I N F L U E N Z A

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacotherapy of influenza based on the video by Laboratorium Farmakologi FF UMI. It aims to equip readers with essential knowledge about influenza treatment, including the types of antiviral medications, their mechanisms of action, and practical considerations for effective management.

Step 1: Understand Influenza Types

• Recognize the different types of influenza viruses: Influenza A, B, and C.
• Focus on Influenza A and B, as they are responsible for seasonal epidemics.
• Be aware of the potential complications, especially in vulnerable populations such as the elderly or those with underlying health conditions.

Step 2: Familiarize with Antiviral Medications

• Learn about the primary antiviral medications used for treating influenza:
  • Oseltamivir (Tamiflu)
  • Zanamivir (Relenza)
  • Peramivir (Rapivab)
• Understand the mechanisms of action:
  • These antivirals inhibit viral neuraminidase, an enzyme crucial for viral replication and release from host cells.

Step 3: Timing of Antiviral Treatment

• Initiate antiviral therapy within 48 hours of symptom onset for maximum effectiveness.
• Assess the patient's clinical condition to determine the urgency of treatment.

Step 4: Dosage and Administration

• Follow specific dosing guidelines for each antiviral:
  • Oseltamivir: Typically prescribed for 5 days, dosage varies based on age and renal function.
  • Zanamivir: Administered via inhalation, typically for 5 days.
  • Peramivir: Given as a single intravenous dose.
• Ensure proper administration to enhance drug efficacy.

Step 5: Monitor for Side Effects

• Be aware of potential side effects of antiviral medications:
  • Oseltamivir: Nausea, vomiting, headache.
  • Zanamivir: Respiratory issues, especially in patients with asthma or COPD.
• Monitor patients for adverse reactions and adjust treatment as necessary.

Step 6: Consider Preventive Measures

• Emphasize the importance of vaccination as a preventive strategy against influenza.
• Discuss the role of prophylactic antiviral therapy in high-risk populations during outbreaks.

Conclusion

In summary, effective management of influenza involves a clear understanding of the virus types, timely administration of antiviral medications, and careful monitoring for side effects. It's crucial to combine treatment with preventive measures, such as vaccination, to reduce the impact of influenza in the community. Continue learning about evolving pharmacotherapeutics and stay updated with guidelines to ensure optimal patient care.