BAB 1 PERTUMBUHAN DAN PERKEMBANGAN TUMBUHAN IPA KELAS 9 kurikulum merdeka #ipakelas9

Introduction

This tutorial is designed to guide you through the concepts of growth and development in plants, as outlined in the first chapter of the 9th-grade science curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka). Understanding these concepts is crucial for students to appreciate how living organisms grow and adapt in their environments.

Step 1: Understanding Growth in Plants

• Growth is the increase in size or mass of a plant, which can be measured in various ways.
• Key points about growth:
  • It involves cell division and enlargement.
  • Plants grow at different rates depending on species, environmental conditions, and availability of resources such as water and nutrients.
• Practical advice:
  • Observe various plants in your surroundings to note differences in growth patterns.
  • Experiment with growing plants in different conditions (light, soil, water) to see how these factors affect growth.

Step 2: Exploring Development in Plants

• Development refers to the changes that occur in a plant from germination to maturity.
• Important aspects of development:
  • It includes differentiation where cells develop specific functions.
  • Stages of development include the germination, vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages.
• Practical advice:
  • Keep a growth journal to document the stages of a plant's life cycle from seed to maturity.
  • Use diagrams to illustrate different stages of development.

Step 3: Factors Affecting Growth and Development

• Several environmental and internal factors influence how plants grow and develop:
  • Light: Essential for photosynthesis; plants require different light conditions.
  • Water: Vital for nutrient transport and photosynthesis.
  • Temperature: Affects metabolic rates; each plant has an optimal temperature range.
  • Soil Nutrients: Essential minerals and nutrients must be present for healthy growth.
• Practical advice:
  • Conduct simple experiments to determine how light and water affect plant growth.
  • Research the nutrient needs of different plants and how to amend soil accordingly.

Step 4: The Role of Hormones in Plant Growth

• Plant hormones (phytohormones) regulate various aspects of growth and development.
• Key hormones and their functions:
  • Auxins: Promote stem elongation and growth.
  • Gibberellins: Stimulate seed germination and flowering.
  • Cytokinins: Promote cell division and shoot formation.
  • Abscisic Acid: Involved in stress responses and seed dormancy.
• Practical advice:
  • Explore how different hormones can be applied in agriculture to enhance growth.
  • Conduct research projects on how hormone levels change in response to environmental stresses.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we explored the fundamental concepts of growth and development in plants, emphasizing the factors that influence these processes and the role of hormones. As you continue your studies, consider practical applications of this knowledge, such as gardening or agricultural practices. Observing and experimenting with plants will deepen your understanding and appreciation of these vital biological processes.