Дистрибутив Linux своими руками | Debian | Ubuntu

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the process of creating your own Linux distribution based on Ubuntu or Debian. You will learn how to use tools like Live Build to customize your distribution, add specific software, and tailor the environment to your needs. This guide is perfect for anyone looking to create a personalized Linux experience.

Step 1: Setting Up Your Environment

• Choose Your Base Distribution: Decide whether to use Ubuntu or Debian as your base. Both have their advantages, so choose based on your preferences.
• Install Required Tools: Make sure to install the necessary tools for building your distribution:
  • For Debian, install live-build:

    sudo apt-get install live-build
    

  • For Ubuntu, the process is similar, but check the package manager for any specific dependencies.

Step 2: Creating Your Build Configuration

• Initialize a New Build Directory:
  • Create a folder for your project:

    mkdir my-custom-distro
    cd my-custom-distro
    

• Set Up Live Build Configuration:
  • Use lb config to set up your configuration. Specify options like distribution, architecture, and package list.

    lb config --distribution buster --architecture amd64
    

Step 3: Customizing Your Distribution

• Add Packages:
  • Create a package list file named packages.list in your build directory and add the packages you want to include. For example:

    vim packages.list
    

    Add your desired packages, such as:

    vim
    wget
    curl
    

• Configure Desktop Environment:
  • You can choose a desktop environment, such as KDE Plasma or a lightweight option like Sway. Configure it in your lb config settings.

Step 4: Building Your Distribution

• Start the Build Process:
  • Run the following command to build your custom distribution:

    lb build
    

  • This process may take some time depending on the packages and configurations you have chosen.

Step 5: Creating a Live CD Image

• Add Installer:
  • Modify your configuration to include the installer in the LiveCD mode. This is essential if you want users to install the distribution on their systems.
• Finalize Your Build:
  • Once the build process is complete, locate your ISO image in the my-custom-distro directory.

Step 6: Testing Your Distribution

• Use VirtualBox or QEMU:
  • Test your newly created ISO image using virtualization software like VirtualBox or QEMU to ensure it works as expected.

    qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom my-custom-distro.iso
    

Step 7: Adding Custom Configurations

• Include Your Custom Configs:
  • If you have specific configurations or scripts, you can add them to your build directory under a specific folder and reference them in your build process. This may include user settings or application preferences.

Step 8: Sharing Your Distribution

• Upload Your Build:
  • Once you are satisfied with your custom distribution, consider sharing it on platforms like SourceForge or GitHub for others to use and contribute to.

Conclusion

Creating your own Linux distribution can be a rewarding experience that allows you to tailor the system to your specific needs. By following these steps, you will have a fully functional custom Linux environment that can be shared and further developed. Explore the documentation linked in the video for more advanced configurations and options, and enjoy your personalized Linux journey!