Origin of State : Theories (Divine Theory, Force Theory, Social Contract & Evolutionary Theory)

Introduction

This tutorial explores the origin of the state, focusing on four key theories proposed by political thinkers: Divine Theory, Force Theory, Social Contract Theory, and Evolutionary Theory. Understanding these theories is essential for students of political science and anyone interested in the foundations of political institutions. This guide will break down each theory clearly and concisely, providing a comprehensive overview of their significance and implications.

Step 1: Understand Divine Theory

• Divine Theory posits that the state is a creation of a divine entity or God.
• Key points to consider:
  • This theory suggests that rulers are chosen by God, and their authority is sanctioned by divine will.
  • It emphasizes the legitimacy of the state as a moral and spiritual institution.
• Practical advice:
  • Reflect on historical examples where kings or leaders claimed divine right to rule, such as monarchies in Europe.

Step 2: Explore Force Theory

• Force Theory argues that the state was established through conquest and force.
• Key points to consider:
  • According to this theory, a group of people used power and violence to impose control over others, leading to the formation of a state.
  • It highlights the role of military power and coercion in the establishment of political order.
• Practical advice:
  • Analyze historical events, such as the rise of empires, that illustrate the use of force in state formation.

Step 3: Examine Social Contract Theory

• Social Contract Theory suggests that the state is a result of an agreement among individuals to form a society.
• Key points to consider:
  • Thinkers like Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau contributed to this theory, each providing different interpretations of the social contract.
  • The theory emphasizes the idea of consent and the rights of individuals within a political community.
• Practical advice:
  • Consider contemporary examples of social contracts, such as the Constitution, which outlines the rights and responsibilities of citizens and government.

Step 4: Analyze Evolutionary Theory

• Evolutionary Theory posits that the state evolved naturally over time from family and tribal structures.
• Key points to consider:
  • This theory suggests that political organizations developed as societies grew more complex, transitioning from kinship groups to organized states.
  • It reflects the gradual changes in social, economic, and political structures.
• Practical advice:
  • Research the historical progression of societies, looking at how clans or tribes transitioned into more formal governance systems.

Conclusion

Understanding these four theories provides a foundational perspective on the origin of the state. Each theory offers unique insights into how political authority and governance have developed throughout history. To deepen your understanding, consider exploring the writings of key political thinkers associated with each theory and analyze their relevance in contemporary political discourse. This knowledge not only enriches your academic journey but also enhances your critical thinking about power and governance in today's world.