CIPAD Créer un instrument de musique Arduino

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will create a simple musical instrument using Arduino. This project is an introduction to programming with Arduino, suitable for beginners. By the end of this tutorial, you will have a functional musical instrument that you can modify and expand upon. This project is based on a lesson from the CIPAD course.

Step 1: Gather Your Materials

To get started, you will need the following components:

• Arduino board (e.g., Arduino Uno)
• Buzzer or piezo speaker
• Breadboard
• Jumper wires
• Push buttons or switches
• Resistors (typically 220 ohms)
• Optional: LED lights for visual effects

Practical Advice

• Ensure your Arduino IDE is installed and up to date.
• Familiarize yourself with basic electronics, as it will help you connect components correctly.

Step 2: Set Up the Circuit

Follow these steps to connect your components on the breadboard:

1. Connect the Buzzer

   • Connect one terminal of the buzzer to a digital pin on the Arduino (e.g., pin 8).
   • Connect the other terminal to the ground (GND) on the Arduino.

2. Add Push Buttons

   • Connect one terminal of the push button to another digital pin (e.g., pin 2).
   • Connect the other terminal to the ground.
   • Use a resistor to connect the digital pin to the power (5V) to ensure proper readings.

3. Optional LED Connection

   • Connect the anode (longer leg) of the LED to a digital pin (e.g., pin 9).
   • Connect the cathode (shorter leg) to ground through a resistor.

Practical Advice

• Double-check your connections to avoid shorts or incorrect wiring.
• Use a breadboard for temporary setups to easily modify your circuit.

Step 3: Write the Arduino Code

Now, you'll need to program the Arduino to produce sound when the buttons are pressed. Use the following sample code as a base:

const int buzzerPin = 8;
const int buttonPin = 2;

void setup() {
  pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
}

void loop() {
  if (digitalRead(buttonPin) == HIGH) {
    tone(buzzerPin, 440); // A4 note
  } else {
    noTone(buzzerPin);
  }
}

Key Points

• The tone() function generates sound at a specified frequency (440 Hz corresponds to the musical note A).
• The noTone() function stops the sound.

Step 4: Upload the Code and Test

1. Connect your Arduino to your computer using a USB cable.
2. Open the Arduino IDE, copy the code above, and paste it into a new sketch.
3. Select the correct board and port under the Tools menu.
4. Click on the upload button to transfer the code to your Arduino.

Practical Advice

• Ensure that your Arduino is connected properly before uploading the code.
• Use the Serial Monitor to troubleshoot any issues if the sound doesn't play.

Step 5: Experiment with Sounds

• Modify the frequency values in the tone() function to play different notes. For example:

  • tone(buzzerPin, 523); for C5
  • tone(buzzerPin, 587); for D5

• You can add more buttons and assign different notes to each button by repeating the process.

Common Pitfalls

• Incorrect pin numbers in your code can lead to non-functional buttons or sound.
• Ensure that you debounce the button presses in your code for more reliable input.

Conclusion

Congratulations! You have successfully created a simple musical instrument using Arduino. This project not only introduces you to basic electronics and programming but also opens up avenues for further experimentation. You can explore adding more instruments, different sound patterns, or even creating a full musical scale. Keep building and experimenting to enhance your skills!