Fakta Perjanjian Giyanti 1755 - Terbelahnya Keraton Mataram oleh Pangeran Mangkubumi & Belanda

Introduction

This tutorial explores the historical significance of the Giyanti Agreement of 1755, which led to the division of the Mataram Sultanate into two distinct kingdoms: Surakarta and Yogyakarta. Understanding this pivotal moment in Indonesian history provides insight into the political dynamics of the time and the impact of colonial powers.

Step 1: Understand the Context of Mataram's Political Turmoil

• Historical Background: The late reign of Susuhunan Pakubuwono II was marked by internal conflicts and rebellions from his own family members, particularly Pangeran Mangkubumi and R.M. Said (Pangeran Sambernyawa).
• Civil War: By 1750, civil war had intensified in Mataram, challenging the authority of the ruling sultan.
• Role of VOC: The Dutch East India Company (VOC) misjudged that the ascension of Susuhunan Pakubuwono III would stabilize the region, leading to continued unrest.

Step 2: Analyze the Dutch-Indonesian Relations

• Negotiation Attempts: As the civil war escalated, the VOC decided to negotiate peace with Mangkubumi instead of continuing the costly conflict.
• Recognition of Authority: The VOC recognized Mangkubumi as the legitimate ruler of Mataram, which was a significant shift in power dynamics.

Step 3: Explore the Giyanti Agreement

• Date of Agreement: The Giyanti Agreement was formalized on February 13, 1755.
• Division of Power: This agreement resulted in the division of Mataram's territory into two separate crowns:
  • Keraton Surakarta: Governed by Susuhunan Pakubuwono III.
  • Keraton Yogyakarta: Established under the authority of Pangeran Mangkubumi.

Step 4: Examine the Consequences of the Agreement

• Lasting Impact: The division created two distinct cultural and political centers that exist to this day.
• Cultural Heritage: Both Surakarta and Yogyakarta have developed rich traditions and heritages that reflect their unique histories.

Step 5: Reflect on Historical Significance

• National Heroes: Pangeran Mangkubumi and R.M. Said are now recognized as national heroes for their roles in resisting colonial powers and shaping Indonesian identity.
• Modern Relevance: Understanding this historical event helps contextualize current political and cultural dynamics in Indonesia.

Conclusion

The Giyanti Agreement of 1755 was a crucial turning point in Indonesian history, marking the division of the Mataram Sultanate and reshaping the region's political landscape. By studying this event, we gain valuable insights into the complexities of colonialism and the resilience of local leadership. For further exploration, consider researching the cultural developments in both Surakarta and Yogyakarta following the agreement.