Praktikum Genetika - Pertemuan 1: Ekstraksi DNA

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on DNA extraction as introduced in the Praktikum Genetika video from FPIK Universitas Papua. Understanding DNA extraction is fundamental in genetics, as it allows researchers to analyze genetic material for various applications, including cloning, sequencing, and genetic testing.

Step 1: Gather Materials

To start the DNA extraction process, you will need the following materials:

• Fresh plant tissue (e.g., spinach, banana, or any soft fruit)
• Distilled water
• Salt
• Dish soap (liquid)
• Coffee filter or cheesecloth
• Test tubes or small containers
• Pipette or dropper
• Ice or cold water bath (optional)

Step 2: Prepare the Extraction Solution

Create a solution that will help break down cell membranes and release DNA. Follow these sub-steps:

1. Mix the Extraction Solution:

   • Combine 1 cup of distilled water with 1 teaspoon of salt.
   • Add 1 tablespoon of dish soap to the mixture.
   • Stir gently to avoid creating too many bubbles.

2. Chill the Solution:

   • If possible, place the solution in an ice bath for about 10-15 minutes to enhance the extraction process.

Step 3: Prepare the Plant Material

To extract DNA, you need to process the plant tissue properly. Follow these steps:

1. Chop the Plant Material:

   • Take a small piece of the fresh plant tissue and chop it into tiny pieces to increase surface area.

2. Combine with Extraction Solution:

   • Place the chopped plant material into a test tube or container.
   • Pour the chilled extraction solution over the plant material until it is fully submerged.

Step 4: Blend the Mixture

Blend the plant and extraction solution to effectively break down the cell walls:

• Use a blender or a hand-held mixer to blend the mixture for about 30 seconds.
• Ensure the mixture is smooth but avoid over-blending, as this may damage the DNA.

Step 5: Filter the Mixture

To separate the liquid containing DNA from the solid plant material:

1. Set Up the Filtration:

   • Place a coffee filter or cheesecloth over another clean container or test tube.

2. Pour the Mixture:

   • Slowly pour the blended mixture through the filter.
   • Allow the liquid to drain completely, leaving solid plant debris behind.

Step 6: Precipitate the DNA

To visualize and isolate the DNA, you will need to precipitate it using alcohol:

1. Add Alcohol:

   • Carefully add cold isopropyl alcohol or ethanol to the filtered liquid. Use about equal parts of alcohol to the liquid.
   • Pour the alcohol slowly down the side of the container to minimize mixing.

2. Observe the DNA:

   • After a few minutes, white strands of DNA may appear at the interface between the alcohol and the liquid.
   • Use a pipette or wooden stick to spool the DNA and lift it out.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we walked through the process of DNA extraction from plant material, covering essential steps from gathering materials to isolating DNA. This hands-on experience is crucial for understanding genetic analysis techniques. For further exploration, consider experimenting with different sources of DNA or applying this technique to other biological samples. Happy experimenting!