PERSEBARAN FLORA DAN FAUNA DI INDONESIA

Introduction

This tutorial explores the distribution of flora and fauna in Indonesia, highlighting the country's rich biodiversity and unique ecosystems. Indonesia's geographical position along the equator contributes to its variety of biomes, including tropical rainforests, savannas, and coastal areas. Understanding the flora and fauna distribution is essential for ecological studies and conservation efforts.

Step 1: Explore the Flora and Fauna of Indonesia

Indonesia is divided into three main regions, each with distinct characteristics and biological diversity.

Indonesia Bagian Barat (Asiatis)

• Flora Characteristics

  • Influenced by tropical wet (Af) and tropical monsoon (Am) climates.
  • Features include:
    • Tall trees
    • Dense and lush vegetation
    • Evergreen plants throughout the year
  • Examples include:
    • Gandaria
    • Kasturi
    • Rafflesia arnoldii
    • Forest orchids

• Fauna Characteristics

  • Known as Oriental fauna.
  • Features include:
    • Large mammals
    • Various types of monkeys
    • Freshwater mammals
    • Few brightly colored birds
  • Examples include:
    • Sumatran tiger
    • One-horned rhinoceros
    • Javan eagle
    • Orangutan

Indonesia Bagian Tengah (Peralihan)

• Flora Characteristics

  • Influenced by tropical monsoon (Am) and tropical savanna (Aw) climates.
  • Features include:
    • Tall but sparse trees
    • Adaptation to dry regions
    • Deciduous trees shedding leaves in dry seasons
  • Examples include:
    • Lontar palm
    • Sandalwood

• Fauna Characteristics

  • Known for endemism; species that are unique to this region.
  • Features include:
    • Various birds, monkeys, and reptiles
    • Generally smaller mammals
  • Examples include:
    • Komodo dragon
    • Anoa
    • Tarsius

Indonesia Bagian Timur (Australis)

• Flora Characteristics

  • Influenced by tropical wet (Af) climate.
  • Features include:
    • Similar to Australian tropical rainforests
    • High presence of epiphytes (plants growing on other plants)
    • Rich in spices and endemic species
  • Examples include:
    • Matoa
    • Sago palm
    • Clove

• Fauna Characteristics

  • Known as Australis fauna.
  • Features include:
    • Presence of marsupials
    • Smaller mammals
    • Beautifully feathered birds
  • Examples include:
    • Tree kangaroo
    • Cassowary
    • Bird of paradise

Conclusion

Indonesia's flora and fauna are diverse and unique, reflecting the various climatic influences across its regions. Understanding these distributions not only aids in appreciating the country's natural beauty but also highlights the importance of conservation efforts. As you explore these regions, consider how the different ecosystems support both local wildlife and human communities. For further study, consider exploring specific species or conservation initiatives in Indonesia.