Del GATT a la OMC

Introduction

This tutorial outlines the transition from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 1995. Understanding this transition is crucial for grasping how international trade regulations evolved and expanded to encompass new areas. This guide will provide insights into the key changes and implications of this transformation.

Step 1: Understand GATT and its Role

• Definition of GATT: The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade was established in 1947 to promote international trade by reducing tariffs and other trade barriers.
• Function of GATT:
  • Negotiated trade agreements.
  • Provided a forum for trade negotiations.
  • Aimed to create a stable and predictable trading environment.

Step 2: Recognize the Limitations of GATT

• Scope: GATT primarily focused on trade in goods and did not cover services or intellectual property.
• Dispute Resolution: The dispute resolution mechanisms were weaker compared to what would later be established under the WTO.
• Lack of Institutional Framework: GATT operated more as a series of agreements rather than a formalized organization.

Step 3: Introduction of the WTO

• Establishment: The WTO was established on January 1, 1995, during the Uruguay Round of negotiations.
• Broader Scope:
  • Included trade in services and intellectual property rights.
  • Addressed trade-related issues such as sustainable development and environmental protection.

Step 4: Key Functions of the WTO

• Trade Negotiation: Facilitates negotiations among member countries to further liberalize trade.
• Dispute Resolution: Provides a comprehensive and legally binding mechanism for resolving trade disputes.
• Monitoring and Transparency: Ensures that member countries adhere to agreed-upon trade rules.

Step 5: Implications of the Transition

• Enhanced Global Cooperation: The WTO encourages cooperation among nations to address global trade challenges.
• Increased Membership: The WTO has expanded significantly, with more countries joining, which enhances its global influence.
• Adaptation to New Trade Issues: The organization can address emerging trade issues like digital trade and e-commerce.

Conclusion

The transition from GATT to the WTO marked a significant evolution in international trade governance. The WTO's broader scope and stronger mechanisms enhance the global trading system, catering to contemporary issues and facilitating cooperation among nations. To further explore these topics, consider visiting the WTO's official website for more resources and updates on international trade policies.