How ELECTRICITY works - working principle

Step-by-Step Tutorial: Understanding How Electricity Works

1. Introduction to Atoms and Electricity:

   • Everything, including you, is made from atoms. Atoms are made up of three particles: protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and electrons orbiting around the nucleus in orbital shells.
   • Protons are positively charged, neutrons have no charge, and electrons are negatively charged.

2. Conductors and Insulators:

   • Atoms with loosely bound electrons are conductors (e.g., metals), allowing electrons to flow between atoms.
   • Atoms without free electrons are insulators (e.g., glass, rubber), preventing electron flow.

3. Creating Electrical Circuits:

   • Combine conductors and insulators to create safe electrical circuits.
   • A closed circuit allows electrons to flow, while an open circuit does not.

4. Voltage and Current:

   • Voltage is the force that pushes electrons in a circuit. It is measured in volts (joules per coulomb).
   • Current is the flow of electrons in a circuit, measured in amperes (amps).

5. Resistance in Circuits:

   • Resistance restricts the flow of electrons in a circuit. Different materials have varying resistance levels.
   • Resistance can be purposely added using resistors to control electron flow or create light and heat.

6. Electromagnets and Transformers:

   • When current passes through a wire coil, it generates a magnetic field.
   • Coiling the wire around an iron core increases the magnetic field strength, creating electromagnets.
   • Transformers use coils to induce voltage between primary and secondary coils, allowing for voltage adjustment.

7. Capacitors and Types of Current Electricity:

   • Capacitors store and release electrons across two plates when connected to a power supply.
   • There are two types of current electricity: Alternating Current (AC) and Direct Current (DC).
   • AC flows back and forth in a circuit, while DC flows in one direction only.

8. Converters and Applications:

   • Power electronics can convert AC to DC and vice versa for various applications.
   • Understanding the differences and applications of AC and DC power sources.

9. Further Learning:

   • Explore the reasons behind using AC and DC power sources.
   • Research the inventors and history of electricity for a deeper understanding.

10. Conclusion:

    • Visit theengineeringmindset.com for more information and resources.
    • If you have any questions, feel free to leave them in the comments section of the video.

By following these steps, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of how electricity works, from the basics of atoms to the applications of AC and DC power sources in our daily lives.