JARING-JARING MAKANAN|PERSENTASI|DIAGRAM

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through creating a food web diagram, also known as a jarring-jaring makanan, and understanding how to represent food chain relationships using percentages. This concept is essential for visualizing the flow of energy in ecosystems and is particularly relevant for fifth-grade science classes.

Step 1: Understand Food Chains and Food Webs

• Definition: A food chain is a linear sequence showing who eats whom in an ecosystem. A food web consists of multiple interlinked food chains.

Components

• Producers: Plants that create energy through photosynthesis.
• Consumers: Animals that eat plants (herbivores) or other animals (carnivores).
• Decomposers: Organisms like fungi and bacteria that break down dead material.

Step 2: Gather Information on Local Ecosystem

• Research: Identify the plants, herbivores, carnivores, and decomposers in your local environment.

Examples

• Producers: Grass, trees, and shrubs.
• Herbivores: Rabbits, deer, and insects.
• Carnivores: Foxes, hawks, and snakes.
• Decomposers: Earthworms and fungi.

Step 3: Create a Food Web Diagram

• Materials Needed: Paper or digital drawing tools, markers or software.

Steps

1. Start by drawing the producers at the bottom of the diagram.
2. Add herbivores above the producers and connect them with arrows to show they consume the plants.
3. Add carnivores above herbivores, connecting them with arrows to indicate predation.
4. Include decomposers at the side of the diagram, showing their role in breaking down organic matter.

Step 4: Represent Percentages in the Diagram

• Understanding Percentages: Each organism's role can be quantified to represent energy flow.

Steps

1. Estimate the energy (or biomass) transfer between each level.
2. Assign percentages to each organism based on its energy consumption and contribution.
3. For example, if plants provide 100% energy, herbivores might receive 10%, and carnivores might receive 1%.

Step 5: Analyze and Reflect

Discussion Points

• What happens if one species is removed?
• How do changes in the environment affect the food web?
• Practical Tip: Use real-world examples to illustrate the impact of environmental changes, like pollution or habitat destruction.

Conclusion

Creating a food web diagram is a valuable exercise in understanding ecological relationships and energy flow. By visualizing these connections, you can better appreciate the complexities of ecosystems. To further your learning, consider exploring more about the impact of human activities on food webs and how conservation efforts can help maintain biodiversity.