Encontro síncrono 13/10/2025 - FIC Geoprocessamento Básico no Software QGIS (2025/2)

Introduction

This tutorial provides a step-by-step guide on basic geoprocessing techniques using QGIS, as demonstrated in the synchronous meeting held on October 13, 2025. Geoprocessing is essential for analyzing spatial data and creating informative maps. This guide will help you understand the foundational concepts and practical applications of QGIS in geospatial analysis.

Step 1: Setting Up QGIS

1. Download and Install QGIS

   • Visit the QGIS official website to download the latest version.
   • Follow the installation instructions for your operating system (Windows, macOS, or Linux).

2. Launch QGIS

   • Open the QGIS application once installed.
   • Familiarize yourself with the interface, including the main menu, toolbars, and layers panel.

Step 2: Importing Data into QGIS

1. Open the Data Source Manager

   • Click on the "Layer" menu and select "Add Layer" then "Add Vector Layer."

2. Select Your Data Source

   • Choose the appropriate format (e.g., Shapefile, GeoJSON).
   • Browse to the location of your data file and select it.
   • Click "Open" to import the data into your project.

3. Verify Layer Addition

   • Ensure that the new layer appears in the Layers panel.
   • Check the attribute table to confirm the data has been imported correctly.

Step 3: Basic Data Visualization

1. Style Your Layer

   • Right-click on your layer in the Layers panel and select "Properties."
   • Go to the "Symbology" tab to choose how features are displayed.
   • Experiment with different styles (e.g., color, size) to visualize your data effectively.

2. Label Features

   • In the Layer Properties, navigate to the "Labels" tab.
   • Enable labeling and select the attribute you want to display.
   • Adjust the font and placement settings as needed.

Step 4: Performing Basic Geoprocessing Operations

1. Buffering

   • Go to the "Vector" menu, select "Geoprocessing Tools," and then "Buffer."
   • Choose the input layer and set the buffer distance.
   • Specify the output location and click "Run."

2. Intersecting Layers

   • Access the "Vector" menu, then "Geoprocessing Tools," and select "Intersect."
   • Choose the layers you want to intersect and specify the output layer.
   • Click "Run" to complete the operation.

Step 5: Saving Your Project

1. Save Your Work

   • Click on the "File" menu and select "Save Project As."
   • Choose a location and file name for your QGIS project.
   • Regularly save your project to avoid losing changes.

2. Exporting Maps

   • Go to "Project" and select "Import/Export" then "Export Map to Image."
   • Choose your desired image format and resolution.
   • Save the exported map for sharing or reporting.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, you learned how to set up QGIS, import spatial data, visualize it, perform basic geoprocessing operations, and save your work. Mastering these foundational skills is crucial for anyone looking to work with geospatial data effectively. As you progress, consider exploring more advanced features such as spatial analysis and 3D visualization in QGIS. Happy mapping!