Aula 03 - Sensação, percepção e vieses inconscientes

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore the concepts of sensation, perception, and selective attention as discussed in the video by Pricila Zarife. Understanding these concepts is essential for recognizing how our brains process information and the potential biases that can influence our perceptions. This guide will help you grasp these psychological concepts and apply them in everyday situations.

Step 1: Understanding Sensation

Sensation refers to the initial detection of stimuli through our senses. Here’s how to recognize and differentiate sensations:

• Identify Your Senses: Focus on your five senses—sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell.
• Practice Mindfulness: Engage in exercises that heighten your awareness of sensory input. For example, take a moment to notice the sounds around you, the colors you see, or the textures you touch.

Practical Tip: Keep a sensory journal for a week where you note down different sensations you experience each day.

Step 2: Exploring Perception

Perception is how we interpret and make sense of sensory information. This step involves understanding how context and experience shape our perceptions:

• Learn About Context: Grasp how the context in which stimuli occur can alter your perception. For instance, the same sound can be perceived differently in a quiet room than in a loud environment.
• Consider Past Experiences: Reflect on how your previous experiences influence your current perception. Familiar scents or sounds may evoke memories that shape your interpretation.

Common Pitfall: Avoid jumping to conclusions based solely on your initial perception; always consider other interpretations.

Step 3: Selective Attention

Selective attention is the process of focusing on specific stimuli while ignoring others. Here’s how to enhance your selective attention:

• Practice Focusing Techniques: Engage in activities that require concentration, such as reading or puzzles. Set a timer to minimize distractions.
• Limit Multitasking: Focus on one task at a time to improve your ability to concentrate on relevant stimuli.

Real-World Application: Use selective attention strategies in meetings or lectures to enhance your understanding and retention of information.

Step 4: Recognizing Perception Errors

Be aware of common perception errors, including unconscious biases that can distort your interpretations:

• Identify Your Biases: Reflect on your beliefs and how they might influence your perceptions. Consider using tools like self-assessment quizzes to uncover hidden biases.
• Engage in Diverse Perspectives: Surround yourself with people from various backgrounds to challenge your perceptions and broaden your understanding.

Practical Tip: When making decisions, actively seek out opposing viewpoints to counter your biases.

Conclusion

Understanding sensation, perception, and selective attention can significantly enhance your awareness of how you interpret the world around you. By practicing mindfulness, focusing on context, and recognizing your biases, you can improve your decision-making and interpersonal interactions. As a next step, consider engaging in activities that challenge your perceptions and expand your understanding of different perspectives.