Anglo Norman Period || Background || Writers and Works || History of English Literature

Introduction

This tutorial explores the Anglo-Norman period in England, a significant era from 1066 to the mid-15th century. Understanding this period is crucial for grasping the evolution of English literature and culture, which were profoundly influenced by the Norman Conquest. This guide will outline the key characteristics, cultural shifts, and notable literary contributions of the Anglo-Norman period.

Step 1: Understand the Historical Context

• Norman Conquest: Recognize that the period began with the Norman Conquest in 1066, when William the Conqueror defeated King Harold at the Battle of Hastings.
• Cultural Transformation: The conquest established the Normans as the ruling class, introducing French as the language of the elite, which resulted in a blend of French and Old English known as Anglo-Norman.

Step 2: Explore Linguistic Changes

• Language Shift: After the conquest, French became the dominant language for the ruling class and administration. This shift influenced the development of Anglo-Norman literature.
• Anglo-Norman Language: Familiarize yourself with the characteristics of Anglo-Norman, which was used by the aristocracy and educated classes.

Step 3: Examine Key Social Structures

• Feudalism: Understand the introduction of the feudal system, which structured society into a hierarchy with the king at the top, followed by nobles, vassals, and serfs.
• Courtly Culture: Learn about the sophisticated courtly culture that emphasized chivalry, romance, and manners, including the concept of Courtly Love.

Step 4: Recognize the Role of the Church

• Religious Influence: Acknowledge the Church's significant role in society, serving as the center for education and producing many religious texts.
• Literary Contributions: Identify key religious works from this period, such as the "Ancrene Wisse" and "The Ormulum."

Step 5: Identify Key Literary Genres

• Chivalric Romance: Explore this popular genre focused on knights' adventures, often incorporating themes of courtly love and magic.
• Epic Poetry: Understand the importance of epic poetry, which celebrated heroic deeds. Notable examples include the "Song of Roland" and "Beowulf."
• Historical Narratives: Recognize the importance of chronicles and narratives, like the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, for preserving history.
• Fabliau: Learn about this humorous genre depicting everyday life, often featuring common people.
• Prose Literature: Note the emergence of prose works, including romances and fables, written in the vernacular.

Step 6: Discover Major Writers and Works

• Wace: Familiarize yourself with notable writers such as Wace, who contributed significantly to the literature of the period through his French poetry.

Conclusion

The Anglo-Norman period was a transformative time in English history, characterized by a blend of cultures and languages, as well as significant literary development. Understanding these elements provides valuable insight into the foundations of English literature. To deepen your knowledge, consider exploring specific works from this era or researching more about other influential writers of the time.