BELAJAR QGIS - Part 3: Membuat Data Vektor

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore how to create and edit vector data using QGIS, a powerful software for Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This guide is designed to enhance your understanding of vector data creation and editing, making it easier for you to work with spatial data in your projects.

Step 1: Setting Up Your QGIS Project

1. Open QGIS

   • Launch the QGIS application on your computer.

2. Create a New Project

   • Click on “Project” in the top menu.
   • Select “New” to start a fresh project.

3. Set the Coordinate Reference System (CRS)

   • Navigate to “Project” > “Properties.”
   • Under the “CRS” tab, choose the appropriate CRS for your data (e.g., WGS 84).

Step 2: Creating Vector Data

1. Add a New Shapefile Layer

   • Go to “Layer” > “Create Layer” > “New Shapefile Layer.”
   • Choose the geometry type (Point, Line, Polygon) based on your needs.

2. Define Attributes

   • In the dialog that appears, add fields for attributes (e.g., name, description).
   • Click “OK” to create the layer.

3. Save the Layer

   • Choose a location on your computer to save the new shapefile.

Step 3: Editing Vector Data

1. Start Editing Mode

   • Right-click on the newly created shapefile layer in the “Layers” panel.
   • Select “Toggle Editing” to enable editing mode.

2. Add Features

   • Use the “Add Feature” tool from the toolbar.
   • Click on the map to place points, draw lines, or create polygons.

3. Fill in Attribute Data

   • After placing a feature, a dialog will prompt you to enter attribute data.
   • Complete the fields and click “OK” to save.

4. Edit Existing Features

   • Select the “Vertex Tool” to modify existing features.
   • Click and drag vertices to reshape the geometry as needed.

Step 4: Saving Changes and Finalizing the Layer

1. Save Edits

   • Click on the “Save Edits” button in the toolbar to save your changes.

2. Exit Editing Mode

   • Right-click on the layer again and select “Toggle Editing” to exit editing mode.

3. Export the Layer (Optional)

   • If you need to share or use the layer in other applications, right-click on the layer.
   • Select “Export” > “Save Features As…” and choose your desired format.

Conclusion

Creating and editing vector data in QGIS is a fundamental skill for anyone working with GIS. By following these steps, you can effectively manage your spatial data and tailor it to your specific needs. As you gain confidence, explore additional tools and features within QGIS to further enhance your projects. Happy mapping!