Why Germany Had to Start the War

Step-by-Step Tutorial: Understanding the Causes of the 1914 War Between Germany and Austria

1. Historical Background:

   • Understand the geopolitical landscape of Europe in 1914, where two competing alliance systems existed: France and Russia on one side, and Germany, Austria, and Italy on the other.
   • Recognize the weakening of Russian power after its defeat by Japan in 1905 and the internal revolutions.
   • Note the diplomatic victories of the Triple Alliance, including the annexation of Bosnia in 1908.

2. Russian Weakness and Growing Threats:

   • Acknowledge the increasing threats faced by Austria, with Serbia doubling in size and planning rapid army expansion.
   • Realize the shifting allegiances of Italy, Romania, and even Bulgaria towards potential adversaries of Austria.
   • Understand the military implications of these growing threats on Austria's strategic position in Europe.

3. Strategic Calculations:

   • Learn about the strategic considerations that led Germany and Austria to consider the risks of a European conflict in 1914.
   • Recognize the impact of Russia's strengthening military capabilities and the changing balance of power in Europe.
   • Understand the challenges faced by Austria in countering the multiple threats it was surrounded by.

4. German Strategic Dilemma:

   • Explore the German military's concerns regarding the changing strategic realities and the potential risks of a conflict with Russia.
   • Acknowledge the implications of the Great Program and Russian mobilization capabilities on German military planning.
   • Understand the reasons why Germany felt compelled to consider the option of a war in 1914 despite earlier hesitations.

5. Strategic Context in 1914:

   • Analyze the strategic context of 1914, with Germany and Austria facing a narrowing set of options and increasing pressure.
   • Recognize the factors that influenced the decision-makers in Berlin to take the risk of a conflict in that year.
   • Consider the various historical perspectives on the causes of the First World War and the role of international relations in shaping decisions.

6. Debate and Interpretation:

   • Engage in discussions surrounding the differing interpretations of the events leading to the 1914 war.
   • Consider the arguments presented by various historians regarding the economic, political, and diplomatic factors at play.
   • Reflect on the complexities of international relations and the impact of strategic calculations on historical events.

By following these steps, you can gain a comprehensive understanding of the causes and strategic considerations that led to the outbreak of war between Germany and Austria in 1914.