Pre-colonial and Spanish colonial Periods| Philippine Literature

Introduction

This tutorial provides an overview of Philippine literature from the pre-colonial and Spanish colonial periods. Understanding these historical contexts is essential for appreciating the evolution of literary forms and themes in the Philippines. Here, we will explore the key characteristics of literature during these periods, the various forms it took, and notable works and authors that shaped its landscape.

Step 1: Explore Pre-Colonial Literature

The pre-colonial period, spanning from BC to 1534, is characterized by indigenous literature deeply rooted in the traditions and customs of various Filipino communities.

Key Features

• Diverse Influences: Literature varied among the 7,107 islands, each with its unique culture and traditions.
• Oral Tradition: Much of the literature was transmitted orally, relying on local storytelling practices.

Forms of Pre-Colonial Literature

1. Oral Literature
   • Riddles
   • Proverbs
2. Folk Songs
   • Lullabies
   • Drinking songs
   • Love songs
   • Songs of death
   • Religious songs
3. Folk Tales
   • Myths
   • Legends
   • Fables
   • Epics

Practical Tip

Engage with local folklore or oral traditions in your community to appreciate the richness of pre-colonial literature.

Step 2: Understand Spanish Colonial Literature

The Spanish colonial period introduced new literary forms influenced by Spanish culture, lasting from 1565 to the late 19th century.

Key Features

• Religious Influence: Many literary forms were tied to Catholic rituals and traditions.
• Cultural Conflict: Literature often reflected the conflict between Christians and Muslims.

Notable Literary Forms

• Corrido: A narrative form detailing saints' lives.
• Awit: Chivalric poems about heroes and saints, often sung.
• Pasyon: A narrative poem recounting Jesus Christ's life, performed during Lent.
• Cenaculo: A dramatization of Christ's passion, featuring public reenactments.
• Moro-moro: A melodrama depicting battles between Christians and Muslims.
• Carillo: Shadow play using cardboard figures.
• Zarzuela: Musical comedies addressing human emotions.

Common Pitfall to Avoid

Be cautious of conflating pre-colonial and Spanish influences; each period has distinct characteristics and themes.

Step 3: Recognize Propaganda and Revolutionary Literature

During the late 19th century, literature became a tool for political change, addressing the struggles against Spanish rule.

Propaganda Literature

• Aimed at critiquing Spanish authority through satire, editorials, and news articles.
• Key figures include:
  • Dr. Jose Rizal
    • Noli Me Tangere
  • Graciano Lopez Jaena
    • Ang Fray Botod
  • Marcelo H. Del Pilar
    • Dasalan at Tocsohan

Revolutionary Literature

• Sparked resistance and highlighted the Filipino struggle for independence.
• Notable works include:
  • Andres Bonifacio
    • Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan
  • Emilio Jacinto
    • Liwanag at Dilim
  • Jose Rizal
    • El Filibusterismo

Practical Application

Consider how literature can be used to voice social issues and inspire change in contemporary contexts.

Conclusion

Philippine literature has evolved significantly from the pre-colonial to the Spanish colonial periods, reflecting diverse cultural influences and historical events. By exploring oral traditions and various literary forms, we can gain insight into the values and struggles of Filipino society. For further study, consider reading key works from each period to deepen your understanding of their themes and impacts on Philippine culture.