Mastication and Deglutition physiology malayalam Swallowing malayalam digestive system malayalam

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of the physiological processes of mastication (chewing) and deglutition (swallowing) as discussed in the Medlearner video. Understanding these processes is essential for grasping how the digestive system functions, particularly in the context of speech and nutrition.

Step 1: Understanding Mastication

Mastication is the process of chewing food to break it down into smaller pieces, making it easier to swallow and digest.

• Importance of Mastication

  • Increases surface area for enzymes to work on.
  • Facilitates the mixing of food with saliva, which contains digestive enzymes.

• Key Muscles Involved

  • Masseter: Closes the jaw.
  • Temporalis: Elevates and retracts the jaw.
  • Pterygoids: Help in grinding movements.

• Practical Tips

  • Chew food thoroughly to aid digestion.
  • Pay attention to the texture of food while chewing to enhance the sensory experience.

Step 2: The Phases of Deglutition

Deglutition involves three distinct phases: oral, pharyngeal, and esophageal.

Oral Phase

• Process

  • Food is voluntarily manipulated into a bolus.
  • The tongue pushes the bolus towards the back of the mouth.

• Tip

  • Ensure food is well-formed into a bolus to facilitate swallowing.

Pharyngeal Phase

• Process

  • The bolus triggers the swallowing reflex.
  • Soft palate elevates to close off the nasal cavity.
  • The epiglottis folds over the trachea to prevent aspiration.

• Tip

  • Stay relaxed during this phase to allow for smooth swallowing.

Esophageal Phase

• Process

  • The bolus enters the esophagus and is propelled down by peristalsis (wave-like muscle contractions).

• Tip

  • Maintain an upright posture after eating to help food move through the esophagus.

Step 3: Common Pitfalls in Mastication and Deglutition

Understanding potential issues can help mitigate risks associated with eating and swallowing.

• Poor Mastication

  • Can lead to choking or difficulty swallowing.

• Dysphagia (Difficulty Swallowing)

  • Symptoms include coughing during meals, a sensation of food stuck in the throat, or recurrent pneumonia.

• Practical Advice

  • Consult a healthcare professional if you experience consistent swallowing difficulties.

Conclusion

Mastication and deglutition are vital processes for effective digestion and overall health. By understanding how to properly chew and swallow food, you can enhance your digestive efficiency and reduce the risk of complications. Practicing mindful eating and recognizing potential pitfalls are essential next steps to ensure a healthy digestive experience.