1. Install Linux (Ubuntu) on USB using VirtualBox

Introduction

This tutorial will guide you through the process of installing Linux (Ubuntu) onto a USB drive using VirtualBox. Unlike a live USB with persistence, this method involves a full installation, allowing you to run Ubuntu directly from the USB drive. This approach is useful for testing Linux or using it on different computers without affecting their operating systems.

Step 1: Prepare Your Environment

1. Download VirtualBox:

   • Visit the VirtualBox website and download the latest version for your operating system.

2. Download Ubuntu ISO:

   • Go to the Ubuntu website and download the latest Ubuntu ISO file.

3. Prepare Your USB Drive:

   • Use a USB drive with at least 8GB of storage. Ensure you back up any important data, as this process will erase the drive.

Step 2: Configure VirtualBox

1. Create a New Virtual Machine:

   • Open VirtualBox and click on "New".
   • Name your VM (e.g., Ubuntu USB), select "Linux" as the type, and choose "Ubuntu" as the version.
   • Allocate memory (RAM) - at least 2048 MB is recommended.

2. Set Up Storage:

   • Choose "Create a virtual hard disk now".
   • Select "VHD (Virtual Hard Disk)" and click "Next".
   • Choose "Dynamically allocated" and set the size to match your USB drive capacity (e.g., 8GB).

3. Configure USB Drive:

   • Go to the settings of your VM by clicking "Settings".
   • Navigate to the "Storage" section, and in the "Controller: SATA", click on the "+" icon to add a new storage device.
   • Select "Add Disk" and choose "Choose existing disk", then locate your USB drive.

Step 3: Start the Installation

1. Boot the Virtual Machine:

   • Click "Start" to boot your VM. When prompted, select the Ubuntu ISO file you downloaded earlier.

2. Install Ubuntu:

   • Follow the on-screen instructions:
     • Choose "Install Ubuntu".
     • Select your language and keyboard layout.
     • When you reach the installation type, choose "Erase disk and install Ubuntu". Ensure this is the USB drive.

3. Finalize Installation:

   • Set your time zone.
   • Create a user account and set a password.
   • Click "Install Now" and confirm the changes. The installation will take a few minutes.

Step 4: Post-Installation Steps

1. Eject the Virtual Machine:

   • Once the installation is complete, shut down the VM.
   • Safely eject the USB drive from VirtualBox.

2. Testing the USB Drive:

   • Insert the USB drive into a computer and boot from it.
   • You may need to change the boot order in the BIOS/UEFI settings to prioritize USB drives.

Conclusion

You've successfully installed Ubuntu onto a USB drive using VirtualBox. This full installation allows you to run Ubuntu on any compatible machine without altering the existing OS. Next, you can explore Ubuntu, install applications, and customize your environment. If you encounter issues booting from the USB, revisit the BIOS/UEFI settings to ensure the USB is set as the primary boot device. Enjoy your new portable Linux setup!