Learn German | Common Mistakes in German | Partizip I oder II als Adjektiv | B1 | B2

Introduction

In this tutorial, we will explore the usage of "Partizip I" and "Partizip II" as adjectives in the German language. Understanding when to use these participles is crucial for improving your German grammar, especially at the B1 and B2 levels. We'll break down the rules and provide practical examples to help you avoid common mistakes.

Step 1: Understanding Partizip I

Partizip I, or the present participle, is formed by adding "-end" to the stem of a verb. It is used to describe ongoing actions or states.

Key Points

• Formation: Take the verb stem and add "-end".

  • Example: "laufend" (running) from "laufen" (to run).

• Usage: Partizip I is often used attributively (as an adjective) to provide more information about a noun.

  • Example: "der laufende Hund" (the running dog).

Practical Advice

• Use Partizip I to convey an action currently happening.
• Common verbs where Partizip I is used:
  • spielend (playing)
  • singend (singing)

Step 2: Understanding Partizip II

Partizip II, or the past participle, typically indicates completed actions and is essential for forming perfect tenses.

Key Points

• Formation: The structure varies but often includes a prefix and the suffix "-t" or "-en".

  • Example: "gelaufen" (run) from "laufen" (to run).

• Usage: Partizip II is used to describe actions that have been completed.

  • Example: "der gelaufene Hund" (the dog that has run).

Practical Advice

• Use Partizip II when referring to actions that have been finished or occurred in the past.
• Common verbs where Partizip II is used:
  • gespielt (played)
  • gesungen (sung)

Step 3: Choosing Between Partizip I and Partizip II

Deciding which participle to use depends on the context of the sentence.

Guidelines

• If an action is ongoing and describes the noun, use Partizip I.

  • Example: "Das spielende Kind" (The playing child).

• If the action is completed and describes the noun, use Partizip II.

  • Example: "Das gespielte Lied" (The song that was played).

Common Pitfalls

• Avoid mixing the two participles. It can lead to confusion and incorrect sentence structures.
• Pay careful attention to the tense you want to convey when describing actions.

Conclusion

In summary, understanding the distinction between Partizip I and Partizip II is essential for mastering German grammar. Remember:

• Use Partizip I for ongoing actions.
• Use Partizip II for completed actions.

As you practice, try to create sentences using both participles. This will reinforce your understanding and help you apply these concepts in real-world conversations. For further practice, consider downloading the accompanying worksheets available on the channel's Patreon page. Happy learning!