TATA NAMA SENYAWA PART 2 : TATA NAMA SENYAWA KOVALEN BINER DAN SENYAWA TERNER

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive guide on the naming conventions for binary covalent compounds and ternary compounds (acids, bases, and salts) as discussed in the video "TATA NAMA SENYAWA PART 2" by WIN'S CHEMISTRY CLASS. Understanding these naming conventions is crucial for students and professionals in chemistry as it helps in identifying and communicating chemical substances accurately.

Step 1: Naming Binary Covalent Compounds

Binary covalent compounds consist of two non-metal elements. Follow these guidelines to name them correctly:

1. Identify the elements: Determine the two non-metals in the compound.
2. Use prefixes: Apply the following prefixes to indicate the number of atoms:
   • Mono- (1)
   • Di- (2)
   • Tri- (3)
   • Tetra- (4)
   • Penta- (5)
   • Hexa- (6)
   • Hepta- (7)
   • Octa- (8)
   • Nona- (9)
   • Deca- (10)
3. Naming order: Name the first element using its full name and the second element by adding the suffix "-ide" to its root name.
4. Example:
   • CO2 is named carbon dioxide.
   • N2O4 is named dinitrogen tetroxide.

Practical Tips

• Always add a prefix for the second element even if it’s only one atom (e.g., CO is carbon monoxide).
• Remember that 'mono-' is often omitted for the first element (e.g., CO is not called monocarbon monoxide).

Step 2: Naming Ternary Compounds

Ternary compounds consist of three or more elements, usually including at least one polyatomic ion. Here's how to name them:

1. Identify the polyatomic ion: Look up the polyatomic ion in a reference table.
2. Name the cation first: If the cation is a metal with a variable charge, indicate its charge using Roman numerals in parentheses.
3. Name the anion: Use the name of the polyatomic ion directly.
4. Example:
   • NaNO3 is named sodium nitrate.
   • Fe2(SO4)3 is named iron(III) sulfate.

Common Polyatomic Ions

• Nitrate (NO3^-)
• Sulfate (SO4^2-)
• Phosphate (PO4^3-)
• Carbonate (CO3^2-)

Step 3: Naming Acids

Acids can be classified based on their anions. Here’s how to name them:

1. Identify the anion:
   • If it ends in “-ate,” change it to “-ic.”
   • If it ends in “-ite,” change it to “-ous.”
2. Add 'acid': The name is then followed by the word "acid."
3. Examples:
   • HNO3 (nitrate) is named nitric acid.
   • H2SO3 (sulfite) is named sulfurous acid.

Step 4: Naming Bases and Salts

Naming bases and salts involves identifying the cation and anion:

1. For Bases:

   • Identify the hydroxide ion (OH^-).
   • Name the cation first followed by "hydroxide."
   • Example: NaOH is named sodium hydroxide.

2. For Salts:

   • Identify the cation and anion.
   • Name the cation first and the anion second.
   • Example: KCl is named potassium chloride.

Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Confusing the suffixes of acids and polyatomic ions.
• Forgetting to include the charge of metals with variable oxidation states in their names.

Conclusion

In this tutorial, we covered the naming conventions for binary covalent compounds, ternary compounds, acids, bases, and salts. Mastering these rules will enhance your understanding of chemistry and improve your communication regarding chemical substances. For further practice, consider reviewing examples and exercises related to these naming conventions. Be sure to explore additional resources or videos for more in-depth explanations.