Membangun Server VoIP Menggunakan Asterisk di Debian 9

Introduction

This tutorial guides you through the process of building a VoIP server using Asterisk on Debian 9. By following these steps, you'll gain hands-on experience in installing, configuring, and testing a softswitch server. This is a valuable skill for anyone interested in telecommunications or network management.

Step 1: Prepare Your Environment

• Install Debian 9: Ensure you have Debian 9 installed on your server. You can use a virtual machine or a dedicated server.
• Update Your System:

  sudo apt update
  sudo apt upgrade
  

Step 2: Install Required Packages

• Install Required Dependencies:

  sudo apt install build-essential git wget
  sudo apt install libxml2-dev libncurses5-dev libsqlite3-dev
  sudo apt install libssl-dev libjansson-dev
  

• Install Additional Tools:

  sudo apt install sox
  

Step 3: Download and Install Asterisk

• Download Asterisk:

  • Go to the Asterisk official website and download the latest version or use the following command:

  wget http://downloads.asterisk.org/pub/telephony/asterisk/asterisk-<version>.tar.gz
  

  Replace <version> with the desired version number.

• Extract the Downloaded File:

  tar -xzvf asterisk-<version>.tar.gz
  cd asterisk-<version>
  

• Compile and Install:

  ./configure
  make
  sudo make install
  sudo make config
  sudo systemctl start asterisk
  sudo systemctl enable asterisk
  

Step 4: Configure Asterisk

• Edit Configuration Files:

  • Navigate to the Asterisk configuration directory:

  cd /etc/asterisk
  

  • Edit the sip.conf file to configure SIP settings:

  [general]
  context=default
  

  • Edit the extensions.conf file to set up your dial plan:

  [default]
  exten => 1001,1,Dial(SIP/1001)
  

Step 5: Create SIP Extensions

• Set Up SIP Users:

  • In sip.conf, add the following for user 1001:

  [1001]
  type=friend
  secret=password
  host=dynamic
  context=default
  

• Repeat for Additional Users: Adjust the exten and secret for each new user.

Step 6: Test Your Configuration

• Use a SIP Client: Download a SIP client like Zoiper or Linphone to test your setup.
• Register SIP Users: Use the configured credentials and check if the users can register successfully.
• Make Test Calls: Dial between the configured extensions to ensure functionality.

Conclusion

You've successfully built a VoIP server using Asterisk on Debian 9. You installed necessary packages, configured Asterisk, set up SIP extensions, and tested your configuration. For further exploration, consider implementing more advanced features like voicemail, call recording, or integrating with other communication tools.