How to study for exams - Evidence-based revision tips

Introduction

Studying effectively for exams is crucial for success, and using evidence-based techniques can significantly enhance your learning. This tutorial outlines practical strategies for studying based on scientific research, focusing on the concept of Active Recall, which has proven to be the most effective revision method.

Step 1: Understand Inefficient Study Techniques

Before diving into effective methods, it's essential to recognize common but ineffective study techniques:

• Rereading: Often leads to familiarity rather than retention. It's easy to feel productive but doesn't promote long-term memory.
• Highlighting: Many students highlight large portions of text without engaging deeply with the material, which doesn’t enhance understanding.
• Summarizing: While summarizing can be useful, it often leads to superficial processing of information.

Step 2: Embrace Active Recall

Active Recall is a powerful study technique that involves retrieving information from memory. Research shows it enhances learning and retention.

Evidence Supporting Active Recall

• Spitzer (1939): Early study demonstrating that spaced repetition and retrieval practice improved learning outcomes.
• Butler (2010): Showed that testing oneself on material leads to better retention compared to traditional study methods.
• Karpicke & Blunt (2011): Found that students who engaged in retrieval practice retained information more effectively than those who relied on elaborative studying techniques.

Step 3: Incorporate Active Recall into Your Study Routine

Here are specific, practical strategies to implement Active Recall:

Strategy 1: Use Anki Flashcards

• Create digital flashcards using Anki, a spaced repetition software.
• Focus on questions that require you to recall information actively instead of merely recognizing it.

Strategy 2: Closed-Book Spider Diagrams

• Start with a blank page.
• Write down the main topic and draw branches for subtopics.
• Try to recall as much information as possible without looking at your notes, filling in details as you go.

Strategy 3: Develop Questions Instead of Notes

• Use the Cornell note-taking system to structure your notes:
  • Left Column: Write questions based on the material.
  • Right Column: Summarize answers or explanations.
• This method encourages active engagement with the content.

Conclusion

Incorporating Active Recall into your study habits can lead to more effective learning and better exam results. By moving away from inefficient techniques like rereading, highlighting, and summarizing, and embracing methods backed by research, you can optimize your study sessions. Consider starting with Anki flashcards, closed-book spider diagrams, or the Cornell note-taking system to enhance your retention and understanding of the material. Happy studying!