MEMAHAMI SOEHARTO DALAM 40 MENIT

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of Suharto, the second President of Indonesia, based on the video "MEMAHAMI SOEHARTO DALAM 40 MENIT" by Kamar Film. The guide aims to distill key details about Suharto’s life, presidency, and impact on Indonesia within a structured format.

Step 1: Understanding Suharto's Early Life

• Birth and Background

  • Suharto was born on June 8, 1921, in a small village in Central Java.
  • His early life was shaped by the Japanese occupation during World War II.

• Military Career

  • Joined the Japanese army and later the Indonesian National Army.
  • Gained prominence during the Indonesian National Revolution against Dutch colonial rule.

Step 2: Rise to Power

• 1965 Coup

  • Suharto played a crucial role in the anti-communist coup that led to the overthrow of President Sukarno.
  • The coup resulted in significant political and social upheaval, with many deaths attributed to the purge of suspected communists.

• Presidency

  • Officially became president in 1967 and established the "New Order" regime.
  • Implemented policies focused on economic development and political stability.

Step 3: Economic Policies and Development

• Economic Growth

  • Suharto’s government emphasized foreign investment and economic liberalization.
  • Key sectors included agriculture, manufacturing, and mining.

• Challenges

  • Despite economic growth, issues such as corruption, inequality, and environmental degradation persisted.
  • The 1997 Asian financial crisis severely impacted Indonesia’s economy and governance.

Step 4: Authoritarian Rule

• Political Repression

  • Suharto's regime was characterized by strict political control and suppression of dissent.
  • Political parties were limited, and the military played a significant role in governance.

• Human Rights Violations

  • Numerous reports of human rights abuses during his rule, including forced disappearances and violence against political opponents.

Step 5: The Fall of Suharto

• 1998 Reformation Movement

  • Economic crisis led to widespread protests and calls for reform.
  • Suharto resigned in May 1998 after 31 years in power, marking the beginning of the Reformation Era in Indonesia.

• Legacy

  • Suharto's legacy is controversial; while credited with economic growth, he is also remembered for authoritarianism and human rights abuses.
  • His impact continues to influence Indonesian politics and society today.

Conclusion

This tutorial outlines the key aspects of Suharto's life and presidency, emphasizing his rise to power, economic policies, authoritarian governance, and eventual downfall. Understanding Suharto's complex legacy is essential for grasping Indonesia's historical and political landscape. For further exploration, consider researching specific events during his presidency or the long-term effects of his policies on modern Indonesia.