SS033_VIDEO 5: Realism Theory by Nathan Sison

Introduction

This tutorial provides a comprehensive overview of Realism Theory as discussed by Nathan Sison in his video. Realism Theory is a fundamental concept in international relations, emphasizing the role of power and state interests. Understanding this theory is crucial for analyzing global politics and interactions among states.

Step 1: Understand the Core Principles of Realism

• Power as a Central Element: Realism posits that power is the primary currency in international relations. States act primarily in their own self-interest to ensure survival.
• State-Centric Perspective: Realists consider nation-states as the main actors in international politics. Non-state actors are deemed less significant.
• Anarchy in the International System: Realists argue that the international system is anarchic, meaning there is no overarching authority to enforce rules or agreements.

Step 2: Explore the Different Variants of Realism

• Classical Realism: Focuses on human nature and the desire for power as the driving force behind state behavior.
• Neorealism (Structural Realism): Introduced by Kenneth Waltz, it emphasizes the structure of the international system, rather than human nature, as the primary influence on state behavior.

Offensive and Defensive Realism

• Offensive Realism: Suggests that states are inherently aggressive and seek to maximize their power.
• Defensive Realism: Argues that states are more concerned with maintaining their security rather than seeking dominance.

Step 3: Analyze Key Concepts and Terms

• Balance of Power: A strategy where states seek to prevent any one state from becoming too powerful by forming alliances.
• Security Dilemma: A situation where one state's efforts to enhance its security cause insecurity in others, potentially leading to conflict.
• National Interest: The goals and ambitions of a nation, often focused on economic, military, and cultural objectives.

Step 4: Apply Realism Theory to Contemporary Issues

• Conflict Analysis: Use Realism to evaluate current conflicts, looking at how power dynamics influence state actions.
• International Relations Case Studies: Examine specific case studies (e.g., U.S.-China relations) through the lens of Realism to understand state behaviors and motivations.

Conclusion

Realism Theory provides a framework for understanding international relations based on power dynamics and state interests. By grasping its core principles and variants, you can better analyze contemporary global issues. Consider exploring case studies or current events to see Realism in action, enhancing your understanding of its applicability in today’s world.