Comparative Adjectives – English Grammar Lessons

Introduction

This tutorial will teach you how to use comparative adjectives in English, which are essential for comparing two things. Understanding when to use -er versus "more" and how to structure sentences with comparative adjectives will enhance your writing and speaking skills.

Step 1: Understanding Comparative Adjectives

Comparative adjectives are used to compare differences between the two objects they modify. Here’s how to form them:

• Regular adjectives: Add -er to the end of the adjective.
  • Example: tall → taller
• Adjectives with two or more syllables: Use "more" before the adjective.
  • Example: beautiful → more beautiful

Common Patterns

• One-syllable adjectives: add -er (e.g., fast → faster)
• Two-syllable adjectives ending in -y: change -y to -i and add -er (e.g., happy → happier)
• Other two-syllable adjectives and those with three or more syllables use "more" (e.g., careful → more careful)

Step 2: Exceptions to the Rules

There are some adjectives that do not follow the standard rules for forming comparative adjectives. Here are a few common exceptions:

• Good → better
• Bad → worse
• Far → farther or further

Familiarize yourself with these exceptions, as they are frequently used in conversation.

Step 3: Constructing Comparative Sentences

When forming sentences with comparative adjectives, follow these structures:

• Using -er: Subject + verb + comparative adjective + than + object

  • Example: "She is taller than her brother."

• Using more: Subject + verb + more + comparative adjective + than + object

  • Example: "This book is more interesting than that one."

Tips for Clarity

• Always ensure the comparison is clear by specifying the two items being compared.
• Use context to clarify what you are comparing, especially if the adjectives are less common.

Step 4: Practice with Examples

Here are some examples to illustrate the use of comparative adjectives:

• "My car is faster than your car."
• "This puzzle is more challenging than the previous one."
• "John is better at math than Sarah."

Try to create your own sentences using the rules and exceptions discussed.

Conclusion

By mastering comparative adjectives, you can effectively compare two subjects in English. Remember to practice regularly and pay attention to exceptions. For further improvement, try writing a few sentences or find a partner to practice speaking. Happy studying!