Indian Government [in Hindi] | Legislature, Executive, Judiciary | political science

Introduction

This tutorial provides a structured overview of the Indian government, focusing on its three main branches: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. Understanding the roles and functions of each branch is essential for students and anyone interested in political science, particularly in preparation for exams like SSC CGL, UPSC, and others.

Step 1: Understanding the Legislature

The Legislature, or विधायिका, is responsible for making laws that serve the interests of the citizens.

• Function: The primary role of the Legislature is to draft and pass bills that become laws.
• Structure:
  • Central Legislature: Comprises two houses - Lok Sabha (House of the People) and Rajya Sabha (Council of States).
  • State Legislature: Consists of the Vidhan Sabha (Legislative Assembly) and, in some states, the Vidhan Parishad (Legislative Council).
• Practical Tip: Familiarize yourself with key terms such as bills, acts, and amendments to better understand legislative processes.

Step 2: Exploring the Executive

The Executive, or कार्यपालिका, is tasked with implementing and enforcing laws passed by the Legislature.

• Function: The Executive is responsible for executing laws and managing the day-to-day operations of the government.
• Components:
  • President: The constitutional head of the country.
  • Prime Minister and Council of Ministers: They handle the administration and policy implementation.
• Common Pitfall: Understand the difference between the roles of the President and the Prime Minister to avoid confusion regarding their powers and responsibilities.

Step 3: Learning about the Judiciary

The Judiciary, or न्यायपालिका, interprets laws and administers justice.

• Function: It resolves disputes arising from the enforcement of laws and ensures that justice is delivered.
• Structure:
  • Supreme Court: The highest judicial authority in India.
  • High Courts: The highest court in each state.
  • Lower Courts: These include district courts and subordinate courts.
• Real-World Application: Knowing how to approach legal issues or disputes can be beneficial. Understanding your rights within the judicial system is crucial.

Step 4: State Government Structure

State governments in India mirror the central government structure, with their own set of powers and responsibilities.

• Components:
  • State Legislature: Similar to the central legislature, comprising elected representatives.
  • Governor: Appointed by the President to oversee state governance.
  • Vidhan Parishad: Exists in some states, serving as the upper house in the legislative assembly.
• Practical Tip: Research the specific structure and functions of your state's government to gain a deeper understanding of local governance.

Conclusion

The Indian government is structured into three main branches: Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary, each with distinct functions and responsibilities. Understanding this framework is essential for comprehending how laws are made, enforced, and interpreted. As you continue your studies, consider exploring related topics such as the electoral process, major constitutional amendments, and current political issues in India.