BIOLOGI Kelas 12 - Bioteknologi Konvensional | GIA Academy

Introduction

This tutorial provides an overview of conventional biotechnology, as covered in the GIA Academy video. It will explore the key concepts, types of conventional biotechnology, and practical examples of its applications in food, agriculture, health, and the environment. Understanding these concepts is essential for students in the field of biology and for anyone interested in biotechnology.

Step 1: Understand the Concept of Biotechnology

• Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or their components to develop products or processes.
• It can be divided into two main categories:
  • Conventional Biotechnology: Uses traditional techniques, often involving fermentation or selective breeding.
  • Modern Biotechnology: Involves genetic engineering and molecular biology techniques.

Step 2: Explore Types of Conventional Biotechnology

• Conventional biotechnology can be categorized into several areas:
  • Food Biotechnology
  • Agricultural Biotechnology
  • Health Biotechnology
  • Environmental Biotechnology

Step 3: Learn About Food Biotechnology

• Food biotechnology has numerous applications. Key products include:
  1. Yoghurt: Produced through the fermentation of milk by beneficial bacteria.
  2. Keju (Cheese): Made by curdling milk using bacteria, enzymes, and/or acids.
  3. Roti (Bread): Created by fermenting dough with yeast, leading to leavening.
  4. Tempe: Fermented soybeans using Rhizopus molds, rich in protein.
  5. Kecap (Soy Sauce): Fermented soybeans and wheat, used as a condiment.
  6. Cuka (Vinegar): Produced by fermenting ethanol with acetic acid bacteria.
  7. Minuman alkohol (Alcoholic beverages): Created through the fermentation of sugars by yeast.
  8. Protein Sel Tunggal (Single-cell protein): Grown from microorganisms and used as a protein source.

Step 4: Examine Agricultural Biotechnology

• Focuses on enhancing crop yields and resistance to pests using traditional breeding methods.
• Examples include:
  • Selective breeding of plants for desired traits.
  • Microbial applications to improve soil health.

Step 5: Investigate Health Biotechnology

• Involves using biological processes for medical applications.
• Examples include:
  • Production of vaccines through fermentation.
  • Development of antibiotics using microbial fermentation.

Step 6: Review Environmental Biotechnology

• Utilizes biological processes for environmental protection and restoration.
• Examples include:
  • Bioremediation: Using microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments.
  • Waste treatment processes using fermentation.

Conclusion

Conventional biotechnology plays a significant role in various fields such as food production, agriculture, health, and environmental management. Understanding these concepts can provide valuable insights into how biotechnology can solve real-world problems. For further exploration, consider studying modern biotechnology techniques or investigating specific applications in your area of interest.