How British colonialism increased diabetes in south Asians | It's Complicated

Introduction

This tutorial explores how British colonialism has contributed to the high rates of diabetes among South Asians. By understanding the historical context, particularly the impact of famines during the British Raj, we can better appreciate the genetic adaptations that have resulted in increased diabetes risk. This knowledge can guide us toward healthier lifestyle choices that may mitigate these risks.

Step 1: Understand the Historical Context

Gain insight into the famines that occurred during British colonial rule, which significantly impacted South Asian populations.

• Key Facts:

  • Approximately 25 major famines occurred during the British Raj (1858-1947).
  • These famines resulted in the deaths of at least 60 million people.
  • British policies, such as harsh land taxes and food exportation, exacerbated the effects of natural droughts.

• Notable Famines:

  • The Great Famine (1876-1878): Killed between 5 and 11 million people.
  • The Bengal Famine (1943): Caused over 3 million deaths due to malnutrition, linked directly to British policies.

Step 2: Recognize the Impact of Famine on Genetics

Learn about how the environmental stress of famines has led to genetic adaptations in South Asians.

• Epigenetics Explained:

  • Epigenetics studies how environmental factors can cause changes in gene expression that may be inherited.
  • South Asian genes have adapted to store fat and process sugar more efficiently due to historical famines.

• Risk of Diabetes:

  • Surviving a famine can almost double the risk of diabetes for the next generation.
  • The grandchildren of famine survivors also face increased risks of high blood sugar and diabetes.

Step 3: Understand Insulin Resistance

Explore how famine-induced adaptations lead to insulin resistance, a key factor in diabetes development.

• Insulin Function:

  • In healthy bodies, insulin helps regulate blood sugar levels by facilitating its entry into cells for energy use.

• Adaptation Consequences:

  • South Asian bodies have become resistant to insulin, making it difficult for cells to absorb glucose.
  • Excess sugar is stored as fat, leading to obesity and increased diabetes risk, particularly in modern food environments rich in sugars.

Step 4: Make Informed Lifestyle Choices

Identify lifestyle changes that can help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.

• Dietary Recommendations:

  • Consider traditional South Asian foods which are often healthier and align with cultural practices.
  • Reduce intake of processed and sugary foods, which are prevalent in modern diets.

• Physical Activity:

  • Embrace exercise routines that are culturally significant, such as yoga, to promote physical health.

• Health Practices:

  • Revisit ancient health practices like Ayurveda and Yunani medicine that may offer holistic benefits and preventative strategies against diabetes.

Conclusion

Understanding the historical context of British colonialism and its impact on South Asian genetics provides valuable insights into the current diabetes crisis. By recognizing the adaptations that have occurred due to famines and making informed lifestyle choices, individuals can work towards reducing their risk of diabetes. Embracing traditional health practices and diets is crucial for improving overall health in South Asian communities.